• Low-cost, Class 1 single-phase energy meter solution • Low and cost effective capacitive power supply • External low frequency crystal for RTC • Battery backup for internal RTC • LCD interface through GPIO • Multiple tamper detection • Multiple measurement parameters • One-time, quick, and accurate digital calibration gives added benefits • Internal EEPROM to store calibration parameters, tam...

OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy, tolerance, and cost of external version under epidural anaesthesia and beta-mimetic tocolysis after the failure of an initial attempt with tocolysis alone. DESIGN Prospective open study. PARTICIPANTS Sixty-eight women with breech presentation at around 36 weeks of gestation and an attempted external cephalic version under salbutamol that failed, who consent...

The aim of the study was to assess energy cost and total external work (total energy) depending on the speed of race walking. Another objective was to determine the contribution of external work to total energy cost of walking at technical, threshold and racing speed in elite competitive race walkers. The study involved 12 competitive race walkers aged 24.9 4.10 years with 6 to 20 years of expe...

OBJECTIVE Traditional cost-utility analysis assumes that all benefits from health-related interventions are captured by the quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained by the few individuals whose outcome is improved by the intervention. However, it is possible that many individuals who do not directly benefit from an intervention receive utility, and therefore QALYs, because of the passive bene...

We report the first efficient trapping of rare-earth Yb atoms with a high-power violet laser diode (LD). An injection-locked violet LD with a 25 mW frequency-stabilized output was used for the magneto-optical trapping (MOT) of fermionic as well as bosonic Yb isotopes. A typical number of 4 × 10 atoms for Yb with a trap density of ∼ 1 × 10/cm was obtained. A 10 mW violet external-cavity LD (ECLD...

Regulated firms often sell to ‘external’ markets in addition to their regulated or ‘internal’ markets. The welfare of consumers in these ‘external’ markets is typically outside of the regulator’s domain of concern. As a result, ‘external’ markets provide the regulator with additional policy options for the strategic influence of firm behavior in the presence of asymmetric information. Without a...

A principal requires a manager for production. He can use an internal manager, or contracts with an external manger. In each case, the manager obtains experience benefits from production. When the principal uses an internal manager, both parties share cost information. When the principal contracts with an external manager, only the external manager acquires cost information. The internal manage...

PURPOSE Copious studies exist regarding the use of stents in pediatric pyeloplasty. Most surgeons use either no stent, an internal (Double-J®) stent or an external transanastomotic pyeloureteral stent. We propose the first known study to compare all 3 methods using a decision tree model that incorporates success rates, complications, patient discomfort and costs. MATERIALS AND METHODS We crea...