To determine the size of an extensive air shower it is not necessary to have knowledge of the function that describes the fall-off of signal size from the shower core (the lateral distribution function). In this paper an analysis with a simple Monte Carlo model is used to show that an optimum ground parameter can be identified for each individual shower. At this optimal core distance, r opt , t...

Cosmic rays have valuable information about universe surroundings us. Finding energy, mass and arrival direction of primary cosmic ray particle are the most important aspects of extensive air shower studies. In order to determine these parameters, arrival direction and core position of extensive air showers should be determined at first. In this article, a new method has been introduced that ut...

Using the large hadron calorimeter of the KASCADE experiment, hadronic cores of extensive air showers have been studied. The hadron lateral and energy distributions have been investigated in order to study the reliability of the shower simulation program CORSIKAwith respect to particle transport, decays, treatment of low-energy particles, etc. A good description of the data has been found at la...

The capability of the Muon Tracking Detector to measure the radial and tangential angles of muons in extensive air showers, in combination with the shower direction as determined by the scintillator array of KASCADE experiment, has been investigated. Due to different characteristics in shower development of light and heavy primary particles the radial angle is sensitive to the mass of them. For...

A new approach to simulate fluorescence photons produced in extensive air showers is described. A Monte Carlo program based on CORSIKA produces the fluorescence photons for each charged particle in the development of the shower. This method results in a full three-dimensional simulation of the particles in a shower and of the fluorescence light generated in the atmosphere. The photons produced ...

Data taken during half a year of operation of 10 LOPES antennas (LOPES-10), triggered by EAS observed with KASCADE-Grande have been analysed. We report about the analysis of correlations of radio signals measured by LOPES-10 with extensive air shower events reconstructed by KASCADE-Grande, including shower cores at large distances. The efficiency of detecting radio signals induced by air shower...

KASCADE-Grande is an extensive air shower experiment at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany. Main parts of the experiment are the Grande array spread over an area of 700 × 700m , the original KASCADE array covering 200 × 200m with unshielded and shielded detectors, and additional muon tracking devices. This multi-detector system allows to investigate the energy spectrum, composition, and aniso...

A large area (128m) Muon Tracking Detector (MTD), located within the KASCADE experiment, has been built with the aim to identify muons (Eμ >0.8GeV) and their directions in extensive air showers by track measurements under more than 18 r.l. shielding. The orientation of the muon track with respect to the shower axis is expressed in terms of the radialand tangential angles. By means of triangulat...