Pattern / Normalization Resources •1–4 digit years • “BC/AD” phrases Rules •several modifications and new rules • rules with explicit “BC/AD” phrases • rules without “BC/AD” phrases Normalization Strategies •calculations for relative and underspecified expressions •disambiguation of 2-digit years •expressions without “BC/AD” phrases ∗preliminary normalized to AD dates ∗ if explicit BC dates in ...

This paper reports research on temporal expressions. The analyzed phrases include a common temporal expression for a period of years reinforced by an adverb of time. We found that some of those phrases are age-related expressions. We analyzed samples obtained from the Internet for Spanish and French to determine appropriate annotations for marking up text and possible translations. We present t...

I am very grateful for the support and patience of Rob Potharst of the EUR. It took a long while to get this research finished, and always he kept helping me along with useful advice. Björn Vroomen deserves a word of thanks. He provided the article I could work with and gave me insight in his choices for implementation as much as possible. The front page is made by Marnix Hemmes, and I thank hi...

Abstract Gratitude promotes prosociality and long-term reciprocal relationships. The Dark Triad is associated with maladaptive interactions in their social interpersonal present study aimed at understanding whether these individuals experience gratitude state trait levels, when presented situations that differentially benefit them. Triad, specifically psychopathy Machiavellianism, negatively gr...

This qualitative study describes the effect of two gratitude interventions designed to trigger emotion-gratitude (gratitude diary) and action-gratitude (gratitude letter) in school leaders. Case study methodology was applied to analyse reflective journals of 27 school leaders. The gratitude diary served to foster a more balanced view of the positive and negative events that occur at school, to ...

The Great East-Japan Earthquake and the resulting tsunamis struck the Fukushima Daiichi Plant on March 11, this year and caused a serious nuclear accident. The fact that this accident has raised concerns around the world about the safety of nuclear power generation is a matter which we take with the utmost seriousness and remorse. At the same time, I would like to express Japan’s sincere gratit...

W elcome to the December issue of Computer, the final issue for which I serve as editor in chief. As a longtime IEEE Computer Society volunteer, it has been a special privilege for me to serve as the EIC for Computer, the Society's flagship publication. These past four years have presented many opportunities, challenges, and rewarding experiences. Through this message, I wish to express my grat...

Temporal expressions that refer to a part of a calendar area in terms of common calendar divisions are studied. Our claim is that such a “calendar expression" (CE) can be described by a succession of operators operating on a calendar base (CB). These operators are categorized: a pointing operator that transform a CB into a CE; a focalizing/shifting operator that reduces or shifts the CE into an...