Wepresent a simple layout of a fast cooling system for liquids in sealed containers utilizing the large temperature gradients of cold nitrogen gas. Our system is optimized for about 20 cylindrical containers of 500 cm, but the setup allows for simple upand down-scaling aswell as the use of arbitrary containers.We have characterized the cooling performance of our system experimentally for temper...

Human pluripotent stem (hPS) cells, mainly represented by human embryonic stem (hES) and human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells, are considered as a virtually unlimited material for biomedical research and cell-based therapies. However, their use in the clinics requires efficient and bio-safe handling. Cryopreservation is an obligate key step of storage and transportation, during which the...

Germinating conidiospores of Neurospora crassa that were exposed to 45 degrees C, a temperature that induces a heat shock response, were protected from injury caused by freezing in liquid nitrogen and subsequent thawing at 0 degrees C. Whereas up to 90% of the control spores were killed by this freezing and slow thawing, a prior heat shock increased cell survival four- to fivefold. Survival was...

Egg yolk is the most commonly used cryoprotective agent for sperm cryopreservation of several species.The objective of this experiment was to compare the effectiveness of egg yolk from four avian species(domestic chicken, duck, turkey and pigeon) on sperm quality following cryopreservation of the ram semen.Ejaculates were collected, using an electroejaculator, from six fertile rams. Samples wer...

The simplest method of freezing is topical application on lesions which one wishes to destroy of a cottonwool swab saturated by immersion in liquid nitrogen (LN). This cryogenic agent, having a temperature of -196°C, is very effective in elimination of a large variety of very common benign and premalignant skin lesions (verrucas, molluscum contagiosum, seborrheic and actinic keratoses...). Unfo...

Sir, In the challenging paper by Wang et al. (2008), the authors have reported about an effective method of vitrification of human ovarian tissue with direct contact of cells in liquid nitrogen, named needle immersed vitrification. Childbirth after cryopreservation of ovarian tissue is now a reality (Donnez et al., 2004; Demeestere et al., 2007; Meirow et al., 2007; Andersen et al., 2008) and t...

The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of establishing dog models of lunatomalacia through liquid nitrogen freezing. Twelve adult crossbred dogs were divided into three groups. Unilateral lunates were peeled off the parenchyma and frozen to result in avascular necrosis. They were observed dynamically through X-ray, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)....

Cryonic suspension is a method of stabilizing the condition of someone who is terminally ill so that they can be transported to the medical care facilities that will be available in the late 21st or 22nd century. There is little dispute that the condition of a person stored at the temperature of liquid nitrogen is stable, but the process of freezing inflicts a level of damage which cannot be re...