The classical nuclear export signal (NES), also known as the leucine-rich NES, is a protein localization signal often involved in important processes such as signal transduction and cell cycle regulation. Although 15 years has passed since its discovery, limited structural information and high sequence diversity have hampered understanding of the NES. Several consensus sequences have been propo...

Millennial-scale climate changes during the last glacial period and deglaciation were accompanied by rapid changes in atmospheric CO2 that remain unexplained. While the role of the Southern Ocean as a 'control valve' on ocean-atmosphere CO2 exchange has been emphasized, the exact nature of this role, in particular the relative contributions of physical (for example, ocean dynamics and air-sea g...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and all other lentiviruses utilize the essential viral protein Rev, which binds to RRE RNA, to export their unspliced and partially spliced mRNAs from the nucleus. We used a rev- and RRE-defective HIV type 1 (HIV-1) molecular clone in complementation experiments to establish a method for the rapid isolation of posttranscriptional regulatory elements from the m...

The importance of drug as a valuable export product in the global economy becomes more clear every day. Understanding the problems of exports and factors affecting it, can be an important step to keep Iran’s position in the world markets and further export development of this product.In this study, Iranian pharmaceutical exports’ supply and demand functions were calculated using co-integration ...

Nucleo-cytoplasmic RNA export is an essential post-transcriptional step to control gene expression in eukaryotic cells and is poorly understood in apicomplexan parasites. With the exception of UAP56, a component of TREX (Transcription Export) complex, other components of mRNA export machinery are not well conserved in divergent supergroups. Here, we use Toxoplasma gondii as a model system to fu...

Eukaryotic cells have to prevent the export of unspliced pre-mRNAs until intron removal is completed to avoid the expression of aberrant and potentially harmful proteins. Only mature mRNAs associate with the export receptor Mex67/TAP and enter the cytoplasm. Here we show that the two shuttling serine/arginine (SR)-proteins Gbp2 and Hrb1 are key surveillance factors for the selective export of s...

and U.S. persons must follow the procedures set forth in paragraphs (a)(1) and (a)(2) of this Category. (c) Although Public Law 105–261 does not require the application of special export controls for the launch of U.S.origin satellites and components from or by nationals of countries that are members of NATO or major non-NATO allies, such export controls may nonetheless be applied, in addition ...

Foreign trade expansion plays an important role in economic growth and development. Since Iran’s single-product economy is facing tight sanctions, among trading partners, Turkey benefits from special place, and political independence in international relations because of its large population, rising per capita income, high economic growth rate, geographical and cultural proximity to Iran. Many ...

We genetically encoded the photocaged amino acid 4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzylserine (DMNB-Ser) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in response to the amber nonsense codon TAG. This amino acid was converted to serine in living cells by irradiation with relatively low-energy blue light and was used to noninvasively photoactivate phosphorylation of the transcription factor Pho4, which controls the cellular...