This paper will introduce the topic of dynamical systems with both discrete and continuous time variables. Fixed points will be discussed, along with their properties such as stability or topological type. The paper will continue on to define the concept of hyperbolicity and its relevance in determining the structural stability of the system. It will conclude with a definition of a bifurcation ...

Emotions and cognition are inextricably intertwined. Feelings influence thoughts and actions, which in turn can give rise to new emotional reactions. We claim that people infer emotional states in others using commonsense psychological theories of the interactions among emotions, cognition, and action. We present a situation calculus theory of emotion elicitation representing knowledge underlyi...

Orthodontic treatment is routinely described to last, on average, 24 months. Nonetheless, every orthodontist has already experienced that this time length shows huge variability, depending on several factors that are inherent to the operator, the patient, scientific knowledge and mastering of the mechanics used in orthodontic movement. It is very likely that there is something else, something s...

Lazy clause generation is a powerful approach to reducing search in constraint programming. For use in a lazy clause generation solver, global constraints must be extended to explain themselves. Alternatively they can be decomposed into simpler constraints which already have explanation capability. In this paper we examine different propagation mechanisms for the alldifferent constraint, and sh...

What do social survey data tell us about the determinants of happiness? First, that the psychologists' setpoint model is questionable. Life events in the nonpecuniary domain, such as marriage, divorce, and serious disability, have a lasting effect on happiness, and do not simply deflect the average person temporarily above or below a setpoint given by genetics and personality. Second, mainstrea...

scious, though if ordinary dreams are ever conscious states they are counterexamples to this generalization.3 Whatever the case about that, the property of creature consciousness is relatively unproblematic. We can see this by considering creatures mentally less well-endowed than we are whose mental states are never conscious, even·when they are awake.4 Their mental states are all like the nonc...

Our paper is actually two contributions in one. First, we argue that IBM’s Jeopardy! playing machine needs a formal semantics. We present several arguments as we discuss the system. We also situate the work in the broader context of contemporary AI. Our second point is that the work in this area might well be done as a broad collaborative project. Hence our “Blue Sky” contribution is a proposal...

Boosting is an approach to machine learning based on the idea of creating a highly accurate prediction rule by combining many relatively weak and inaccurate rules. The AdaBoost algorithm of Freund and Schapire was the first practical boosting algorithm, and remains one of the most widely used and studied, with applications in numerous fields. This chapter aims to review some of the many perspec...