In today's multicarrier modulation systems such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete multitone (DMT), modulation is accomplished digitally by the use of the inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT). Instead of the IDFT, any other orthogonal transform can be used. In this paper a multicarrier scheme based on extended lapped transforms (ELT) is investigated. With the ...

Performance of AO systems on ELTs depends not just on seeing; other parameters such as strength of high-altitude turbulence are more relevant for the laser tomography. Nights good for some instruments are not so good for others, so there is a clear advantage to go from the simple queue scheduling on seeing to a more complex strategy of selecting in a multi-parameter space. The need to know thos...

A SAGE library was prepared from hand-dissected intestines from adult Caenorhabditis elegans, allowing the identification of >4000 intestinally-expressed genes; this gene inventory provides fundamental information for understanding intestine function, structure and development. Intestinally-expressed genes fall into two broad classes: widely-expressed "housekeeping" genes and genes that are eit...

Internal tibial rotation with the knee close to full extension combined with valgus collapse during drop landing generally results in non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between internal rotation of the knee and muscle activity from internal and external rotator muscles, and between the internal rotation of knee and ...

A startling auditory stimulus (SAS) causes a faster execution of voluntary actions when applied together with the imperative signal in reaction time tasks (the StartReact effect). However, speeding up reaction time may not be the best strategy in all tasks. After a self-initiated fall, the program for landing has to be time-locked to foot contact to avoid damage, and therefore advanced executio...

In this research, an automatic control system is designed for landing of a small helicopter on a 4 DOF moving platform. The platform has three translational and one directional degree of freedom. The controller design approach is based on development of helicopter nonlinear dynamic model into the SDC (State Dependent Coefficient) form and real time solving of state dependent Riccati equation (S...

Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram-negative soil bacterium that infects both humans and animals. Although cell culture studies have revealed significant insights into factors contributing to virulence and host defense, the interactions between this pathogen and its intact host remain to be elucidated. To gain insights into the host defense responses to B. pseudomallei infection within an intac...

During jumping or falling in humans and various other mammals, limb muscles are activated before landing, and the intensity and timing of this pre-landing activity are scaled to the expected impact. In this study, we test whether similarly tuned anticipatory muscle activity is present in hopping cane toads. Toads use their forelimbs for landing, and we analysed pre-landing electromyographic (EM...

This paper focuses on the aircraft landing problem that is to assign landing times to aircraft approaching the airport under consideration. Each aircraft’s landing time must be in a time interval encompassing a target landing time. If the actual landing time deviates from the target landing time additional costs occur which depend on the amount of earliness and lateness, respectively. The objec...

Humans running and hopping maintain similar center-of-mass motions, despite large changes in surface stiffness and damping. The goal of this study was to determine the contributions of anticipation and reaction when human hoppers encounter surprise, expected, and random changes from a soft elastic surface (27 kN/m) to a hard surface (411 kN/m). Subjects encountered the expected hard surface on ...