Why are people generous? One reason may be to avoid feeling guilt – in terms of failing to meet others’ expectations or in terms of failing to meet others’ moral standards. The present article reports an experiment using the ‘dictator game’ while manipulating the dictators’ beliefs about the receivers’ expectations and moral standards. The results indicate that generosity is indeed driven by gu...

Although the emotion regulation strategy of reappraisal has been associated with adaptive outcomes, there is a growing evidence that it may not be adaptive in all contexts. In the present study, adolescents reported their use of habitual reappraisal and their experiences with peer victimisation, a chronic stressor that is associated with reduced well-being in this population. We examined how th...

In order to better understand bullying behaviours we examined for the first time the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) of adolescents, bullying behaviours and peer victimisation. The sample consisted of 68 adolescents from a secondary college. Participants completed a self-report questionnaire which assessed their EI, how frequently they engaged in bullying behaviours and how oft...

In this paper we provide an overall description of a model of social behaviour that allows a flexible parametrisation of cultural expectations. These expectations are associated to how people perceive and treat others from a socio-relational perspective.

this research aims to understand mother’s and girl’s expectations from their spouses, and shows the difference between these two generation’s expectations. along this, by using qualitative approach and deep semi-structured interview, we studied the expectations difference among 14 mothers and 14 girls resided at tehran city’s fifth region (area).results from the research showed that women’s exp...

washback refers to the influence of a test on teaching and learning. this study was an attempt to compare the influence of ielts and toefl ibt on the expectations the students brought to their courses and to investigate how these expectations were fulfilled. to this end, 100 ielts and 120 toefl ibt students attending preparation courses took a questionnaire survey, and a sample of their ten cla...

We examine whether people are more honest in public than in private. In a laboratory experiment, we have subjects roll dice and report outcomes either in public or in private. Higher reports yield more money and lies cannot be detected. We also elicit subjects' ethical mindsets and their expectations about others' reports. We find that outcome-minded subjects lie less in public to conform with ...