The question of the mechanism and management of the third stage of labour is at present in a curiously paradoxical position. The view that the placenta is separated in the main by an extreme diminution in area of the placental site is the popular one, and should have as its result the adoption of the Crede method of managing the third stage of labour. Practically, however, this method has been ...

Lymphadenectomy is the standard of care for metastatic melanoma in the inguinal lymph node basin. Historically, open surgery was the only treatment option. However, in recent years, videoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy (VIL) has become a popular approach as it offers a minimally invasive alternative, provides similar oncologic control and reduces wound complications. Even though the VIL approac...

BACKGROUND Expectant management is an alternative for curettage in women with a miscarriage. AIM To assess the pattern of vaginal bleeding and pain in expectantly managed women with a miscarriage, and to analyse the factors predictive of a relatively quick spontaneous loss of pregnancy. DESIGN OF STUDY Part of a study comparing expectant management with surgical evacuation. SETTING Two ho...

BACKGROUND Recent literature on the effect of induction of labour (compared with expectant management) has provided conflicting results. Reviews of observational studies generally report an increase in the rate of caesarean section, whereas reviews of post-dates and term prelabour rupture of membrane (PROM trials suggest either no difference or a reduction in risk. OBJECTIVE To evaluate with ...

BACKGROUND To evaluate the effectiveness of surgery, medical treatment and expectant management of tubal ectopic pregnancy (EP) in terms of treatment success (i.e. complete elimination of trophoblast tissue), financial costs and future fertility. METHODS We searched for randomized controlled trials which described treatment interventions that have been widely adopted in clinical practice. A s...

The two main conservative treatment alternatives for tubal pregnancy, methotrexate administration and laparoscopic salpingostomy are under constant review. Recently, expectant management of tubal pregnancy has become increasingly popular. In this review, we assess the outcome of conservative management modalities for extrauterine pregnancy and compare the results of treatment with methotrexate ...

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this pilot project was to determine first-time expectant parents' perceptions of a parent education intervention, their education needs, and preferred sources and modes of such education. METHOD The intervention was carried out during the last class of a public health prenatal education series. A total of 31 first-time expectant parents participated and included bo...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether in vitro fertilization with preimplantation genetic screening (IVF/PGS) is cost effective compared with expectant management in achieving live birth for patients with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). DESIGN Decision analytic model comparing costs and clinical outcomes. SETTING Academic recurrent pregnancy loss programs. PATIENT(S) Women with unexp...

A group of 91 expectant fathers examined in a court psychiatric clinic is compared with a group of 91 nonexpectant married males equated for age, race, and year of arrest. The hypothesis that sexually deviant reactions are more frequent in expectant fathers is statistically substantiated. Other findings are reported and discussed including the frequent occurrence of sexual offenses during the w...

BACKGROUND Preterm pre-labour ruptured membranes close to term is associated with increased risk of neonatal infection, but immediate delivery is associated with risks of prematurity. The balance of risks is unclear. We aimed to establish whether immediate birth in singleton pregnancies with ruptured membranes close to term reduces neonatal infection without increasing other morbidity. METHOD...