In laboratory and applied learning experiments, researchers have extensively investigated the optimal distribution of two learning sessions (i.e., initial learning and one relearning session) for the learning of verbatim material. However, research has not yet provided a satisfying and conclusive answer to the optimal scheduling of three learning sessions (i.e., initial learning and two relearn...

We study dilatonic domain walls specific to superstring theory. Along with the matter fields and metric the dilaton also changes its value in the wall background. We found supersymmetric (extreme) solutions which in general interpolate between isolated superstring vacua with non-equal value of the matter potential; they correspond to the static, planar domain walls with flat metric in the strin...

We consider a cosmological scenario in which a scale-invariant spectrum of curvature perturbations is generated by a rapidly evolving equation of state on a slowly expanding background. This scenario generalizes the ‘‘adiabatic ekpyrotic’’ mechanism proposed recently by Khoury and Steinhardt [Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 091301 (2010)]. Whereas the original proposal assumed a slowly contracting backgr...

In the optic flow illusion, the focus of an expanding optic flow field appears shifted when uniform flow is transparently superimposed. The shift is in the direction of the uniform flow, or "inducer." Current explanations relate the transformation of the expanding optic flow field to perceptual subtraction of the inducer signal. Alternatively, the shift might result from motion capture acting o...

Understanding of airflow dynamics in the human pulmonary acinus is important for increasing targeted drug effectiveness and determining health impact toxic aerosols. However, there a lack quantitative data about realistic flexible idealized geometries. This paper aims to numerically analyse flow field using computational fluid (CFD) model during transient breathing. Three-dimensional models wit...

The first theoretical evidence for the Big Bang came from Alexander Friedmann in 1922, when he showed that Albert Einstein’s theory of general relativity predicted that the universe was either expanding or contracting. Einstein was so upset with this result that he introduced a cosmological constant into his theory which would make the universe static. Later he said that this was his biggest bl...