222 Acute dyspnea may occur in the context of medical emergencies such as airway obstruction, pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism, and myocardial infarction. Chronic exertional dyspnea progressing to dyspnea at rest, as in this patient, suggests worsening pulmonary disease or heart failure. Orthopnea (dyspnea when supine) and trepopnea (dyspnea in the decubitus position) are suggestive of heart fa...

Progressive activity-related dyspnea dominates the clinical presentation of patients afflicted by chronic obstructive and restrictive lung diseases. This symptom invariably leads to activity limitation, global skeletal muscle deconditioning and an impoverished quality of life. The effective management of exertional dyspnea remains an elusive goal but our understanding of the nature and mechanis...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the responsiveness of the 3-minute constant rate step test (3-MST) to detect the relief of exertional dyspnea (respiratory discomfort) after acute bronchodilation in COPD patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 40 patients with moderate-to-severe COPD (mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second: 45.7 (±14.7), % predicted) performed four 3-MSTs...

BACKGROUND Takayasu's arteritis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease that usually affects the aorta, its primary branches and occasionally the pulmonary and coronary arteries. Female gender in reproductive age and Asian origin are known factors associated with higher disease prevalence. The clinical manifestations vary considerably and are typically caused by limb or organ ischemia illnes...

BACKGROUND Left atrial volume (LAV) and exercise capacity are important prognostic determinants of cardiovascular risk. Exercise intolerance and increased LAV are expected in patients with diastolic dysfunction. While dyspnea is the symptom reported by the patient and considered subjective, exercise capacity obtained by exercise testing provides an objective measure of cardiovascular fitness. T...

Despite the different pathological features of COPD and asthma, two diseases often present similar clinical characteristics. In both diseases, patients suffer from exertional dyspnea other medical conditions. Pulmonary rehabilitation in has been reported to have various effects, including reduced dyspnea, improved quality life, increased aerobic capacity. Although there are few results on pulmo...