The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that activation of the muscle reflex elicits less sympathetic activation in skeletal muscle than in internal organs. In decerebrate rats, we examined renal and lumbar (mainly innervating hindlimb blood vessels) sympathetic nerve activities (RSNA and LSNA, respectively) during 1 min of 1) repetitive (1- to 4-s stimulation-to-relaxation) con...

The authors investigated the use of slow-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the unaffected hemisphere to decrease interhemispheric inhibition of the lesioned hemisphere and improve motor function in patients within 12 months of a stroke. Patients showed a significant decrease in simple and choice reaction time and improved performance of the Purdue Pegboard test wi...

Increased tonic contractile activity from exercise or electrical stimulation induces a variety of changes in skeletal muscle, including vascular growth, myoblast proliferation, and fast to slow fiber type conversion. Little is known about the cellular control of such changes, but pleiotropic biochemical modulators such as fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) may be involved in this response and thu...

Abstract Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a longstanding FDA-approved treatment for chronic depression, but its efficacy with anxiety and related disorders not well-established. A growing literature suggests that improving of rTMS anxiety/ could depend on increasing the degree to which targeted paired behavioral challenges so specific disorder-relevant behaviors can be mod...

OBJECTIVE This study assessed the efficacy and tolerability of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment of auditory hallucination of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. DATA SOURCES Online literature retrieval was conducted using PubMed, ISI Web of Science, EMBASE, Medline and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases from January 1985 to May 2012....

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is associated with enhancement or weakening of the NMDA receptor activity and change of the cortical blood flow. Therefore, repeated tDCS of the brain with cerebrovascular injury will induce the functional and histologic changes. Sixty-one Sprague-Dawley rats with cerebrovascular injury were used. Twenty rats died during the experimental course. Th...

BACKGROUND Sensory amplitude electrical stimulation (SES) and repetitive task practice reduce impairments and arm dysfunction when delivered separately following stroke. OBJECTIVE To determine if home-based, task-specific arm exercise was more effective when administered concurrent with SES. METHODS Thirty-eight subjects with chronic stroke and mean Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) score 28/66 (...

Emerging evidence has suggested that with minimal prerequisite training, slow deep breathing around 0.10 Hz can acutely enhance cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) in humans. Such reports have led to the speculation that behavioral interventions designed to reduce breathing frequency may serve a therapeutic role in ameliorating depressed baroreflex function in conditions such as chronic he...

OBJECTIVE Prefrontal mechanisms are implicated in obsessive-compulsive disorder. The authors investigated whether prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation influenced obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms. METHOD Twelve patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder were given repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (80% motor threshold, 20 Hz/2 seconds per minute for 20 minu...

background and aim: tinnitus is a distressing symptom for which few treatments exist. low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rtms) of the temporal cortex has been proposed as a treatment for chronic tinnitus. this study determined relationship between psychoacoustic parameters such as loudness and frequency of tinnitus and outcome with rtms treatment. methods: twenty six pa...