Clostridium difficile is an emerging nosocomial pathogen and one of the major causes of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. Cases of Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) are likely initiated by the ingestion of dormant C. difficile spores, which then germinate, outgrow and rapidly proliferate to cause gastrointestinal (GI) infections. To understand the initial stages of CDAD pathogenesi...

Dendrobium is a genus of orchids that has been widely planted, both domestically and internationally. Orchid conventional breeding generally done to produce new variants, but seeds from crosses are difficult germinate. To solve this problem, tissue culture long used germinate orchid seeds. This study aims obtain suitable medium composition for growing 'Bertachong' X 'Blackspider x Sutiknoi'. Th...

We examined whether spectrally active phytochrome A (PhyA) and phytochrome B (PhyB) play specific roles in the induction of seed germination in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., using PhyA- and PhyB-null mutants, fre1-1 (A. Nagatani, J.W. Reed, J. Chory [1993] Plant Physiol 102: 269-277) and hy3-Bo64 (J. Reed, P.Nagpal, D.S. Poole, M. Furuya, J. Chory [1993] Plant Cell 5: 147-157). When dormant...

Plant embryos can survive years in a desiccated, quiescent state within seeds. In many species, seeds are dormant and unable to germinate at maturity. They acquire the capacity to germinate through a period of dry storage called after-ripening (AR), a biological process that occurs at 5-15% moisture when most metabolic processes cease. Because stored transcripts are among the first proteins tra...

to produce embryogenic callus and somatic embryos, tendril explants were collected and cultured in ms medium supplemented with various concentrations of hormones. after one month most of explants produced callus. the highest percent of embryogenic callus obtained in ms medium supplemented with 4.5 µm bap and 1µm 2,4-d. production of somatic embryos was depended on genotype and medium. yaghouti ...

Reactive oxygen species cause to release of dormancy in many plants such as sunflower seeds. This study investigated in order to evaluation role of reactive oxygen species germination and lipid proxidation in sunflower seeds. This study was performed in two separate experiments, each in a completely randomized design with factorial design with four replications.  In both experiments, uses from ...

An efficient in vitro protocol for plant production of North American ginseng has been established. The pretreatment of cotyledon explants with 1.0 M sucrose at 4◦C resulted in an improvement of embryo quality and, combined with a higher sucrose content (7%) in induction medium, improved the embryogenesis frequency from 40% to 75% and the number of embryos per explant from 10 to 21. The frequen...

Reactive oxygen species cause to release of dormancy in many plants such as sunflower seeds. This study investigated in order to evaluation role of reactive oxygen species germination and lipid proxidation in sunflower seeds. This study was performed in two separate experiments, each in a completely randomized design with factorial design with four replications.  In both experiments, uses from ...

Abstract Generally, orchids produce dust-like seeds in which endosperm reduction and embryo undifferentiation represent a derived state shared with species about 11 other plant families. Orchid are proposed to have special kind of morphological or morphophysiological dormancy. We test this proposition, overcoming several design limitations earlier studies, specifically that the vitro germinatio...