BACKGROUND A microemulsion is an effective formulation for improving the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. In this paper, a water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsion was investigated as a system for enhancing the oral bioavailability of Biopharmaceutic Classification System (BCS) III drugs. METHODS The microemulsion formulation was optimized using a pseudoternary phase diagram, comprising ...

Aim of present study was to develop a solid nanoemulsion preconcentrate of paclitaxel (PAC) using oil [propylene glycol monocaprylate/glycerol monooleate, 4:1 w/w], surfactant [polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitan monooleate/polyoxyl 15 hydroxystearate, 1:1 w/w], and cosurfactant [diethylene glycol monoethyl ether/polyethylene glycol 300, 1:1 w/w] to form stable nanocarrier. The prepared formulation was...

To define the iron absorptive phase across the intestinal mucosa of neonatal pigs, the final SgFe concentration ratio of serosal to mucosal medium of everted gut sac at 1 hr incubation was measured. With .2 btg carrier iron (ferric citrate with molecular weight of 1,500) per milliliter of both the serosal and mucosal medium, the duodenum transported the iron against the concentration gradient f...

P-glycoprotein (Pgp), an active drug transporter expressed in enterocytes, can reduce intestinal absorption of drugs. Until now, interleukin-2 (IL2) has been reported as a Pgp modulator only in vitro. The present study examines the effects in vivo of IL2 after chronic treatment on intestinal Pgp protein expression and activity. This work also describes the effects of IL2 on the oral bioavailabi...

Although amorphous silica nanoparticles are widely used in the production of food products (e.g., as anticaking agents), there is little information available about their absorption and biological effects after oral exposure. Here, we examined the in vitro intestinal absorption and in vivo biological effects in mice of orally administered amorphous silica particles with diameters of 70, 300, an...

The uniporter TAT1 (Slc16a10) mediates the facilitated diffusion of aromatic amino acids (AAAs) across basolateral membranes of kidney, small intestine and liver epithelial cells, and across the plasma membrane of non-epithelial cells like skeletal myocytes. Its role for body AA homeostasis has now been investigated using newly generated TAT1 (Slc16a10) defective mice (tat1(-/-)). These mice gr...

The use of herbal medicine is widespread and growing. Erythroxylum macrocarpum (Erythroxylaceae) (EM) is an endemic medicinal plant of Mauritius. Here, the effects of crude aqueous extract of EM leaves on D-glucose, Ltyrosine and fluid absorption, gut wall content and transport across rat everted intestinal sacs were investigated in vitro. Rat everted intestinal sacs were incubated with increas...

Objective The aim of the present study was to improve bioavailability of an important antiretroviral drug, Darunavir (DRV), which has low water solubility and poor intestinal absorption through solid dispersion (SD) approach incorporating polymer with P-glycoprotein inhibitory potential. Methods A statistical approach where design of experiment (DoE) was used to prepare SD of DRV with incorpo...

necessitate the re-opening of the wound to relieve tension by turning out blood clots. In one of my cases, the patient was a Chaube Brahman, at 32 vears of exceptionally good health, a professional athlete; with' no history of syphilis or any other constitutional taint. The hydrocele was one-sided, fairly large, of five years standing, and it had been tapped from time to time. The operation was...