The feeding diversity of subtidal samples of macroinvertebrates from Ria Formosa was estimated with Shannon Wiener information index and complementary evenness. The results were compared with other commonly used methodologies under the European water framework directive, such as diversity indices, AMBI and ITI. Assuming that in a healthy environment all feeding groups are present, and that no g...

Abstract. Aim. The author has developed a criterion to test the hypothesis of uniform distribution for random variable observations in small samples. is built by using sample construct variation series ascending order and dividing each previous term this extreme term, then discarding it. resulting new processed similarly until there only one quotient left that value. Methods. paper uses methods...

Functional diversity is increasingly identified as an important driver of ecosystem functioning. Various indices have been proposed to measure the functional diversity of a community, but there is still no consensus on which are most suitable. Indeed, none of the existing indices meets all the criteria required for general use. The main criteria are that they must be designed to deal with sever...

We define the notion of evenness and show how the Lorenz curve can be used to compare evenness between abundance vectors. It is then illustrated how the Gini evenness measure can be used as a descriptive parameter in faculty evaluation studies.

The message is the composition of some character. Every character of the message can be represented as an ASCII value, which is either even or odd. Depending on this evenness or oddness, the character is encrypted differently. This paper describes how such an even-odd encryption based on ASCII value is applied and how encrypted message converting by using Gray code and embedding with picture ca...

Although measures of evenness of archaeological faunas are increasingly used in zooarchaeological analyses, the widely accepted hypothesis that increasing evenness should indicate increasing dietary breadth has not been tested. In this paper, I examine three factors that can contribute to changing evenness values—changing encounter rates with high-ranked prey types, changing diet breadth, and s...

Phytoplankton is an aquatic organism that sensitive to environmental changes. Kali Mas one of the rivers passes through city Surabaya, and a source water needs for various domestic industrial needs. The purpose this study was determine status quality based on phytoplankton community structure, which includes: diversity, abundance, evenness, dominance, saprobic index. method used in purposive sa...