let $d$ be a digraph with skew-adjacency matrix $s(d)$. then the skew energyof $d$ is defined to be the sum of the norms of all eigenvalues of $s(d)$. denote by$mathcal{o}_n$ the class of digraphs on order $n$ with no even cycles, and by$mathcal{o}_{n,m}$ the class of digraphs in $mathcal{o}_n$ with $m$ arcs.in this paper, we first give the minimal skew energy digraphs in$mathcal{o}_n$ and $mat...

$C_{p}\left ( X\right )$ is distinguished $\Leftrightarrow$ the strong dual $L_{\beta }\left barrelled bidual $M\left ) =\mathbb {R}^{X}$. So one may judge how nearly by is, and also near dense subspace to Baire space $\mathbb Being Baire-like, always fairly close {R}^{X}$ in that sense. But if not distinguished, we show codimension of uncountable, i.e., algebraically far from {R}^{X}$, moreove...

Nitric oxide (NO) was identified as a key player in plant defence responses approximately 20 years ago and a large body of evidence has accumulated since then supporting its role as a signalling molecule. However, there are many discrepancies in current NO detection assays and the enzymatic pathways responsible for its synthesis have yet to be determined. This has provoked strong debates concer...