problems involved in relying on the standard edition of Galen, by C. G. Kuhn, they have at times an undue faith in some more modern editions. Sometimes this does not matter: at 47 Albrecht in 1911 agrees with Furley and Wilkie, Galen on respiration, in 1984. But elsewhere there are problems. The text printed at 48 is that of Marquardt's Teubner of 1884, a monument of misplaced erudition, which ...

Release of the highly water-soluble proteins Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), -lactoglobulin and lysozyme chloride from ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVAc) matrices was studied at three drug powder particle sizes and ten drug loadings. It was found that at small particles and low loadings, much of the BSA is virtually trapped inside the matrix. Even at higher loadings and particle sizes, where a...

BACKGROUND Endotracheal tube (ETT) cuffs create a seal to protect against secretion entry to the lungs. Cuff inflation currently is recommended at 20-30 cm H2O pressure. ETT designs have variable seal performance in bench studies using rigid tracheal models lacking the dynamic characteristics of the human trachea. We compared ETT designs within a new, biorealistic tracheal model to assess cuff ...

Although the CH chains of petroleum derivatives display unique absorption features in short-wave infrared (SWIR), it is a challenge to identify plastics on terrestrial surfaces. The diverse reflectance spectra caused by chemically varying polymer types and their different kinds brightness transparencies, which are, moreover, influenced further respective surface backgrounds. This paper investig...

OBJECTIVE Continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions (CASS) is believed to lower the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Animal studies to establish safety and efficacy of CASS have not been conducted. DESIGN Prospective randomized animal study. SETTING Animal-research facility at the U.S. National Institutes of Health. SUBJECTS Twenty-two sheep. INTERVENTIONS Sheep were r...

Background The Solids Thermophilic Aerobic Reactor (STAR) was investigated for the initial treatment of all biodegradable solid wastes that would be generated in a crewed mission, including inedible plant wastes, paper, fecal matter, and food wastes. STAR operates similarly to the autothermal thermophilic aerobic digester (ATAD) currently in use in a number of wastewater treatment plants. The p...

I electrochemistry and photoelectrochemistry, it is most common to refer the voltage to a reference electrode (RE) or in a two-electrode cell with respect to a counterelectrode (CE). However, in a semiconductor film that is composed of several junctions, as in semiconductor nanoheterostructures including catalytic layers, it is convenient to use the energy scale with reference to the vacuum lev...

We argue that the interface coupling, responsible for the positive exchange bias (HE) observed in ferromagnetic/compensated antiferromagnetic (FM/AF) bilayers, favors an antiferromagnetic alignment. At low cooling field this coupling polarizes the AF spins close to the interface, which spin configuration persists after the sample is cooled below the Néel temperature. This pins the FM spins as i...

In field theory the scattering about spatially extended objects, such as solitons, is commonly described by small amplitude fluctuations. Since soliton configurations often break internal symmetries, excitations exist that arise from quantizing the modes that are introduced to restore these symmetries. These modes represent collective distortions and cannot be treated as small amplitude fluctua...