We introduce a discrete-time fractional calculus of variations on the time scale hZ, h > 0. First and second order necessary optimality conditions are established. Examples illustrating the use of the new Euler-Lagrange and Legendre type conditions are given. They show that solutions to the considered fractional problems become the classical discrete-time solutions when the fractional order of ...

We demonstrate that the known off-shell nilpotent (i.e. s(a)b = 0) and anticommuting (i.e. sbsab + sabsb = 0) Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) transformations (sb) and anti-BRST transformations (sab) are the symmetry transformations of the appropriate Lagrangian densities of a four (3 + 1)-dimensional (4D) free Abelian 2-form gauge theory which do not explicitly incorporate a very specific cons...

The purpose of the present paper is to establish the validity of the Euler–Lagrange equation for the solution x̂ to the classical problem of the calculus of variations.  2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The dynamics of randomly forced Burgers and Euler-Lagrange equations in S 1 × R d−1 in the case when there is only one one-sided minimizer in a compact subset of S 1 × R d−1 is studied. The existence of random invariant periodic minimizer orbits and periodicity of the stationary solution of the stochastic Burgers equations are obtained.

We construct rigidly supersymmetric bulk-plus-boundary actions, both in x-space and in superspace. For each standard supersymmetric bulk action a minimal supersymmetric bulk-plus-boundary action follows from an extended F or D-term formula. Additional separately supersymmetric boundary actions can be systematically constructed using co-dimension one multiplets (boundary superfields). We also di...

The stability problem of functional equations was originated from a question of Ulam [66] concerning the stability of group homomorphisms: Let (G1, .) be a group and let (G2, ∗) be a metric group with the metric d(., .). Given ε > 0, does there exist a δ > 0, such that if a mapping h : G1 → G2 satisfies the inequality d(h(x1.x2), h(x1) ∗ h(x2)) < δ for all x1, x2 ∈ G1, then there exists a homom...

Given a multidimensional data set and a model of its density, we consider how to define the optimal interpolation between two points. This is done by assigning a cost to each path through space, based on two competing goals-one to interpolate through regions of high density, the other to minimize arc length. From this path functional, we derive the Euler-Lagrange equations for extremal motionj ...

Consider a frictionless surface S in a gravitational field that need not be uniform. Given two points A and B on S, what curve is traced out by a particle that starts at A and reaches B in the shortest time? This paper discusses this problem for simple surfaces such as surfaces of revolution. We first solve this more general problem using the Euler-Lagrange equation and conservation of mechanic...

This paper deals with the Dirichlet problem for convex differential (PC) inclusions of elliptic type. On the basis of conjugacy correspondence the dual problems are constructed. Using the new concepts of locally adjoint mappings in the form of Euler-Lagrange type inclusion is established extremal relations for primary and dual problems. Then duality problems are formulated for convex problems a...

We develop in this paper a new framework for discrete calculus of variations when the actions have densities involving an arbitrary discretization operator. We deduce the discrete Euler-Lagrange equations for piecewise continuous critical points of sampled actions. Then we characterize the discretization operators such that, for all quadratic lagrangian, the discrete Euler-Lagrange equations co...