background: ethical leadership represents the leader's proactive efforts to influence followers' ethical and unethical behavior and follower work attitudes such as perceived organizational support, affective commitment and normal behaviors. the purpose of this research was to test the relationship of ethical leadership and ethical context with affective commitment that mediating the r...

Literature abounds to show that the current anti-corruption strategies have failed to fight corruption because of neglect of ethics in these strategies, despite its importance. The purpose of this paper is to make a contribution to anti-corruption theory by developing a model that clarifies many complex ethical dilemmas around corruption. To develop a conceptual model, the extant literatures on...

in the editorial published in this journal, daniels and colleagues argue that his and sabin’s accountability for reasonableness (a4r) framework should be used to handle ethical issues in the health technology assessment (hta)-process, especially concerning fairness. in contrast to this suggestion, it is argued that such an approach risks suffering from the irrrelevance or insufficiency they war...

advancements in different field of medicine have given rise to complex ethical dilemmas in clinical practice. the more the clinicians are sensitized to ethical problems and familiar with ethical decision-making, the more they can value professionalism in their practice. the current paper is designed to emphasize physicians to think ethically in the field of internal medicine and endocrinology. ...

background: local ethical committees in medical sciences in iran were established in 1999 in order to assess and evaluate the observance of ethical standards throughout the universities and research centers. the purpose of this study is to analyze the situation of local ethical committees in order to develop research ethics guideline. methods: for this cross-sectional study which has been condu...

background: research in reproductive health (rh) has been located in the core of women’s health research. providing accurate information through conducting scientific and controlled research is essential, but increased number of research in the world especially in developing countries in rh area in order to introduce advanced technologies has been resulted in much unethical, illegal and abusive...

abstract background and purpose: ethical climate is hinged upon organizational culture, rules, and policies; nurses’ perception of this concept varies according to the ward they are working on and the new rules of the treatment system. this can exert adverse impact on their care method and performance. thus, this study aimed to determine nurses’ perceptions of the ethical climate governing the ...

one of the fundamental issues in the ethics of medical researches is cost-benefit assessment which consists a main part of related codes. this article is aimed to propose a model for ethical assessment of researches with judgment about their costs and benefits. after reviewing related materials and our experiences and discussions with experts, we proposed a model for ethical assessment of costs...

more than a decade ago, personalized medicine was presented in modern medicine. personalized medicine means that the right drug should be prescribed for the right patient based on genetic data. no doubt is developing medical sciences, and its shift into personalized medicine complicates ethical challenges more than before. in this review, we categorized all probable ethical considerations of pe...