abstract the traditional or liberal theory of contract always had encounter serious critics. the authors of this article have criticized this theory- based on new theory of unger (a pioneer in the critical legal studies movement) - and also have analyzed the strengths and weaknesses of that. this theory consists of a principle and a counter principle that include freedom of contract against the...

An ultra-low power OTA-C bandpass filter is presented in this paper. An 1-150 Hz 4-th order OTC-C bandpass filter is design which is suitable for ECG application. A subthreshold region OTA is designed with current cancellation technology to achieve a very small transconductance. The OTA-C filter is design with TSMC 0.18μm CMOS process. The MIM capacitor is used in this design. The supply of the...

I n this paper, we describe the handwritten character recognition adaptable to the writer. I t is efficient when the specific writer uses the same OCR for many characters. At the early stage, input characters are recognized using genera 1 dictionary, and then the correctly recognized character modify the dictionary to be adaptable to the variation of the characters of the specific writer. Using...

In over-the-counter markets, the presence of two frictions is central to determine prices, liquidity, and efficiency: the search friction reflected in how long it takes to find a trading opportunity and the bargaining friction reflected in how promptly gains from trade are realized once the opportunity is identified. This paper captures both frictions by introducing an asset-specific trade dela...

Optimal partitioning of a distribution arises in many contexts, including quantization in information theory, piecewise constant approximation of a function, stratified sampling, goodness-of-fit tests, principal points and clustering, and selective assembly in manufacturing. This article studies the behavior of optimal partitions, develops conditions under which the optimal partitioning of a di...

Dye-sensitized solar cells present promising low-cost alternatives to the conventional Silicon (Si)-based solar cells. The counter electrode  generally consists of Pt deposited onto FTO plate. Since Pt is rare and expensive metal, nanostructured carbonaceous materials have been widely investigated as a promising alternative to replace it. Carbon nanotubes  have shown significant properties such...

A membrane can be represented by an energy landscape that solutes or colloids must cross. A model accounting for the momentum and the mass balances in the membrane energy landscape establishes a new way of writing for the Darcy law. The counter-pressure in the Darcy law is no longer written as the result of an osmotic pressure difference but rather as a function of colloid-membrane interactions...

In this correspondence, an information-theoretical evaluation of radix sorting of symbols is given.

the nitrite ® nitro isomerization in nitritopentaamine cobalt (iii) halides has been known. in this paper, the effect of the size of the counter ions (noncoordinated groups) on the rate of isomerization in nitritopentaamine cobalt (iii) halides, is reported. the rate of isomerization is decreased by increasing the size of the counter ions. this decrease is explained on the basis of steric inter...

SAVE: Source Address Validity Enforcement Protocol Jun Li Jelena Mirkovic Mengqiu Wang Peter Reiher Lixia Zhang ABSTRACT Many network attacks forge the source address in their IP packets to block traceback. Recently, research activity has focused on packet-tracing mechanisms to counter this deception. Unfortunately, these mechanisms are either too expensive or ineffective against distributed at...