YILDIZ, E. and N. TODOROV, 2014. The comparison of the main protein sources for dairy cows. A review. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 20: 428-446 Review of now-a-day knowledge was made for nutritive value and effect on milk yield and composition of the main protein sources – soybean meal (SBM), sunflower meal (SFM), rapeseed (canola) meal (RSM), and dried distillers grain with solubles (DDGS) – in diets ...

Milk yield and its composition vary according to individual cows as well as to a variety of different environment conditions, such as temperature. Previous studies suggest that heat exerts considerable negative effects on milk production and its composition, especially during summer months. We investigate the production and fat composition of milk from individual dairy cows and develop a modell...

traditional dairy farms play important role to obtain dairy and rural household income. rural women are managers these units. unfortunately, they haven't educated because of social and cultural problems. milk production contain high microbial count endanger community health and also producers economic in traditional farms. the project has studied educational needs of rural women regarding ...

to evaluate the effects of physically processed flaxseed [ground flaxseed (gfs) and whole flaxseed(wfs)] as a replacement for extruded soybeans on feed intake, milk production, milk composition, milk fatty acid (fa) composition and blood biochemical parameters, nine primiparus holstein dairy lactating cowsaveraging 495 ± 34.5 kg of body weight (bw) and 70 ± 5 days in milk (dim) were assigned in...

The final goal of all dairy cow raising systems in the world is to use the available capacities and the cooperation of other sectors in order to solve the problems and issues, such as the limitations in time, man power and financial resources, for providing a complete answer. Therefore, the need for optimization of cow raising systems by prioritization of measures and plans is the most obvious ...

Energy is the most limiting nutritional component in diets for high-producing dairy cows. Palmitic (C16:0) and stearic (C18:0) acids have unique and specific functions in lactating dairy cows beyond a ubiquitous energy source. This review delineates their metabolism and usage in lactating dairy cows from diet to milk production. Palmitic acid is the fatty acid (FA) found in the greatest quantit...

background: aflatoxin m1 (afm1) is a toxic compound that could be found in milk and dairy products. afm1 is the principle hydroxylated derivative of aflatoxin b1 (afb1), formed in liver and excreted into the milk in the mammary glands of both human and lactating animals that have been fed with afb1 contaminated diet. to the best of our knowledge, there is no report on stability of afm1 during p...

Feed efficiency (FE) is a concept that has gained popularity in recent years in the dairy industry. Monitoring FE is becoming a more common benchmark for monitoring the profitability of milk production relative to dry matter (DM) intake. In today’s markets, feeds and commodities are becoming more costly, which is driving the requirement for more efficient utilization to maintain profitability. ...