RNA­seq protocols that focus on transcript termini are well­suited for applications in which template quantity is limiting. Here we show that, when applied to end­sequencing data, analytical methods designed for global RNA­seq produce computational artifacts. To remedy this we created the End Sequence Analysis Toolkit (ESAT). As a test, we first compared end­sequencing and bulk RNA­seq using RN...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium marinum are thought to exert virulence, in part, through their ability to lyse host cell membranes. The type VII secretion system ESX-1 [6-kDa early secretory antigenic target (ESAT-6) secretion system 1] is required for both virulence and host cell membrane lysis. Both activities are attributed to the pore-forming activity of the ESX-1-secreted subs...

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common cause of primary renal diseases worldwide, and the early secreted antigenic target of 6 (ESAT-6) which was secreted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) may be involved in the development and progression of IgAN. This study aimed to investigate the role of ESAT-6 for early diagnosis of IgAN caused by MTB infection. From 2011 to 2014, 21 patients with ren...

Recent evidence indicates that the prevalence of diseases caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) has been increasing in both human and animals. In this study, antibody profiles of NTM in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were determined and compared with those of monkeys infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). Antibodies against 10 M. tuberculosis proteins, purified protein ...

Two antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, ESAT-6 and MPT64, elicited delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin responses in outbred guinea pigs infected with M. tuberculosis by the aerosol and intravenous routes but not those sensitized with M. bovis BCG or M. avium. The DTH epitope of ESAT-6 was mapped to the C terminus. Nonresponders to the individual antigens were found, but all animals r...

In this issue of the Journal of Bacteriology, Chen and colleagues (1) report a novel observation regarding the mycobacterial ESX-1 (ESAT-6 system-1/type VII) protein secretion system. Although the mechanisms underlying their observations are not yet understood, their exciting results unlink the in vitro secretion of the two major ESX-1 substrates, ESAT-6 (EsxA) and CFP-10 (EsxB), from M. tuberc...

The Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen ESAT-6 has been proposed for tuberculosis immunodiagnosis. In The Gambia, 30% of community controls produced gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in response to ESAT-6. Increased proportions of responders and intensities of responses were found in household contacts. Responses that were initially low in tuberculosis patients increased after treatment. An ESAT-6 IF...

CHUKWUEMEKA OKORO,* H. ESAT KONDAKCI, AYMAN F. ABOURADDY, AND KIMANI C. TOUSSAINT, JR. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA CREOL, The College of Optics & Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Cha...

a Engineering Department, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Ringlaan 3, 1180 Brussels, Belgium b Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Ringlaan 3, 1180 Brussels, Belgium c KU Leuven, Dept. Electrical Engineering, ESAT – TELEMIC, Telecommunications and Microwaves, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, bus 244, 3001 Leuven, Belgium d KU Leuven, Dept. Electrical Engineering, ESAT, Advanced Integrated Sensi...

IFN-gamma responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens ESAT-6 and CFP-10 have been proposed as specific markers of M. tuberculosis infection. Monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG/CXCL9) has been shown to be expressed by IFN-gamma stimulated mononuclear cells and to attract activated T-cells through the chemokine receptor CXCR3. Since MIG is induced early in the response to IFN-gamma, m...