BACKGROUND Immunological response of host and parasite play a key role in developing vaccination and immunization. The present study deals with the immune response and effecter mechanism, which was confirmed by migration inhibition factor (MIF). METHODS The present work was conducted in Parasitological Lab of Postgraduate Department of Zoology, Government Holkar Science College, Indore (M.P.)...

Following direct challenge with KLH antigen primary or secondary (after systemic immunization) to the ES (endolymphatic sac) in guinea pigs, ECoG (electrocochleograms) were recorded from the round window induced by click and tone pips. The recordings were carried out on the 2nd, 7th and 21st days after local antigen challenge. There were no abnormal findings in the ECoG of the primary antigen c...

Preventive vaccination is a highly promising strategy for interrupting leishmaniasis transmission that can, additionally, contribute to elimination. A vaccine formulation based on naturally excreted secreted (ES) antigens was prepared from L. infantum promastigote culture supernatant. This vaccine achieved successful results in Phase III trials and was licensed and marketed as CaniLeish. We rec...

An IgM murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) was obtained against the excretory-secretory antigen (ES-Ag) of in vitro reared protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch, 1786). Western blotting revealed that the MAb recognised a 20.6 kDa protein of this ES-Ag. The MAb was used in sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (s-ELISA) for selective sensitisation of the solid phase with the protosc...

We developed a method to generate dendritic cells (DCs) from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. We cultured ES cells for 10 days on feeder cell layers of OP9, in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the latter 5 days. The resultant ES cell-derived cells were transferred to bacteriologic Petri dishes without feeder cells and further cultured. In about 7 days, irregul...

This paper studies a bio-inspired framework, iNet-EGT, to build autonomous adaptive network applications. In iNet-EGT, each application is designed as a set of agents, each of which provides a functional service and possesses biological behaviors such as migration, replication and death. iNet-EGT implements an adaptive behavior selection mechanism for agents. It is designed after an immune proc...

OCT4 is a transcription factor critical for the pluripotency of human embryonal stem (ES) and induced pluipotency stem (IPS) cells. OCT4 is commonly expressed in germ-cell tumors as well as putative cancer stem cells in several tumors, and is a key determinant of oncogenic fate in germ-cell tumors. The capacity of the human immune system to recognize this critical stem-cell gene is not known, b...

Radiation-induced intestinal injury is a common complication in radiotherapy for the cancer located in abdomen or pelvis. However, there is no effective treatment for radiation-induced intestinal injury now. It is therefore important to develop new treatments for radiation-induced intestinal injury. In this study, we investigated whether embryonic stem (ES) cells could be transplanted directly ...

Gastrointestinal nematode parasites infect over 1 billion humans, with little evidence for generation of sterilising immunity. These helminths are highly adapted to their mammalian host, following a developmental program through successive niches, while effectively down-modulating host immune responsiveness. Larvae of Heligmosomoides polygyrus, for example, encyst in the intestinal submucosa, b...