Numerical simulation of the formation of an Estuarine Turbidity Maximum (ETM) using a constant erosion rate with a stipulated condition that erosion only occurs at tidal accelerating phases was successfully implemented in a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model for the York River. Eight slackwater surveys were carried out during 2001 and 2002 to develop ground truths with measurements at 25 stat...

1 Motivation The New Orleans area levee failures during Hurricane Katrina drew media attention to an important problem in Civil Engineering. The emphasis of our work is on earthen levees, dams, and embankments. A major cause of failures of such structures is overtopping, which causes erosion to the point of breaching the crest. Our research focuses on simulating the initial small-scale features...

An understanding of rates and mechanisms of incision and knickpoint retreat in bedrock rivers is fundamental to perceptions of landscape response to external drivers, yet only sparse field data are available. Here we present eye witness accounts and quantitative surveys of rapid, amphitheatre-headed gorge formation in unweathered granite from the overtopping of a rock-cut dam spillway by small-...

We have investigated the correlation between nanoscale surface ripple patterns and the magnetic texture of polycrystalline iron and nickel thin films. The ripple patterns were created by ion beam sputter erosion of films evaporated on Si substrates with 5 keV Xe ions under grazing incidence and fluences between 1015 and 1017 cm−2. The as-deposited films with an rms roughness of about 1 nm are m...

binaloud mountains formed during collision of iran and turan plate in the late triassic time and caused shortening of the sedimentary cover because of cimmerian and alpine orogeny. the thrust sheets with different generations formed as a results of the binalood and alborz fold- thrust belts. northeast of iran that was already south coast of the divergent margin of the paleothetys ocean at this ...

ghalajeh synclinal is extended on the south of kermanshah province from northwest to southeast. considering the permanent tectonic movements in quaternary and current age in studied region, the alluvial fans of the region is a good reason for evaluation of such movements. the morphology and morphometry properties of alluvial fans are severely under the effect of the tectonic activities. the aim...

The studied area includes Sulaimani, Erbil and Dohuk Governorates where Cretaceous rocks are well exposed in the High Folded Zone of North and Northeastern Iraq. This area is part of the northwestern boundary of Arabian platform near to Iranian border. In these governorates, the study tries to clarify the relations between deep and shallow stratigraphic units (formation or facies) during Cretac...

We report on numerical simulations of acid erosion in a fractured specimen of Carrara marble. The simulations combine two recent advances in lattice-Boltzmann methodology to accurately and efficiently calculate the velocity field in the pore space. A tracer diffusion algorithm was then used to calculate the distribution of reactants in the fracture, and the local erosion rate was obtained from ...

[1] The mean residence times, subduction rates, and formation rates of Subtropical Mode Water (STMW) and Subpolar Mode Water (SPMW) in the North Atlantic and Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) in the Southern Ocean are estimated by combining a model and observations of chlorofluorocarbon-11 (CFC-11) via Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA), a statistical technique that weights model estimates according t...