Diel activity patterns are often fixed within species such that most animals can be classified as diurnal, crepuscular, or nocturnal, and have sensory abilities that reflect when they are active. However, many snake species appear capable of switching between diurnal and nocturnal activity. Here, we evaluate the hypothesis that some species are constrained in their activity by the sensory cues ...

so far, four species of hemidactylus have been reported in iran as follows: h. persicus, h. robustus, h. flaviviridis, h. romeshkanicus. in this study, 108 specimens belonging to these four species of hemidactylus were examined morphologically, using 19 metric and 6 meristic characters. multivariate analyses showed morphological differences among these three species with exception h. romeshkani...

A new species of Trichodoridae, Trichodorus elefjohnsoni, is described from undisturbed regions of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, United States. It resembles T. orientalis De Waele &Hashim, 1984, T. persicus De Waele &Sturhan, 1987, and T. taylori De Waele, Mancini, Roca, ' Lamberti, 1982 in arrangement of ventromedian cervical papillae and posterior preanal supplements, but differs by co...

Present study has been carried out to understand the mating strategies of Eremurus himalaicus Baker., important medicinal endemic plant, for its sustainable utilization. The inflorescence architecture, large numbers attractive flowers, presence sterile flowers which give specific arrangement inflorescence, coloured, androecia and nectaries attract pollinators. Protoandry, moderate high pollen o...

Although contemporary trends indicative of evolutionary change have been detected in the life-history traits of exploited populations, it is not known to what extent fishing influences the evolution of alternative life-history tactics in migratory species such as salmonids. Here, we build a model to predict the evolution of anadromy and residency in an exploited population of brook charr, Salve...

A short diagnosis and a more detailed diagnosis of the genus Laelaspis are presented. Until now, a total of 40 described species belong to the genus, including a new species described here, and excluding the four following species previously described as Laelaspis or Hypoaspis (Laelaspis): L. badrii Nasr & Nawar [considered as Cosmolaelaps badrii comb. nov.], L. zuluensis Trägårdh, Hypoaspis (L...