An active area of public health policy in the United States is policy meant to promote healthy eating, reduce overconsumption of food, and prevent overweight/obesity. Public discussion of such obesity prevention policies includes intense ethical disagreement. We suggest that some ethical disagreements about obesity prevention policies can be seen as rooted in a common concern with equality or w...

WHY EQUALITY? WHAT EQUALITY? Two central issues for ethical analysis of equality are: (1) Why equality? (2) Equality of what? The two questions are distinct but thoroughly interdependent. We cannot begin to defend or criticize equality without knowing what on earth we are talking about, i.e. equality of what features (e.g., incomes, wealths, opportunities, achievements, freedoms, rights)? We ca...

This chapter seeks to make some contributions to the literature on firm-level innovation in Africa by attempting to identify the significant factors that explain the capability of firms in Nigeria to innovate using the results of an industry-wide study. We focused on the product and process innovation activities of firms between 2003 and 2006 and found differences in the factors that drive them...

Pseudo equality algebras were initially introduced by Jenei and Kóródi as a possible algebraic semantic for fuzzy type theory, and they have been revised by Dvurečenskij and Zahiri under the name of JK-algebras. In this paper we define and study the commutative pseudo equality algebras. We give a characterization of commutative pseudo equality algebras and we prove that an invariant pseudo equa...

In 1979 Yao published a paper that started the field of communication complexity and asked, in particular, what was the randomised complexity of the Equality function (EQ) in the Simultaneous Message Passing (SMP) model (for the question to be non-trivial, one must consider the setting of private randomness). The tight lower bound Ω( √ n) was given only in 1996 by Newman and Szegedy. In this wo...

The “expressivist objection” argues that prenatal screening leading to termination of embryos or fetuses with disabilities sends a harmful message people disabilities, such as the their lives are not worth living. I first argue whether it depends on how reasonable person would see motives behind screening. then message, when individuals terminate embryos, and for severe but state allows less co...