During the 1971 epidemic of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) in south Texas, 203 suspect VEE cases were evaluated by the Center for Disease Control. Sixty-seven were confirmed as cases of VEE. Laboratory confirmation was accomplished by isolation of VEE virus from a serum specimen taken during the acute illness in 50 (75%) of the confirmed cases. Serological confirmation was obtained i...

We have identified experimentally secondary instability mechanisms that restrict the stable band of wave numbers for ideal hexagons in Bénard-Marangoni convection. We use "thermal laser writing" to impose long wave perturbations of ideal hexagonal patterns as initial conditions and measure the growth rates of the perturbations. For epsilon=0.46 our results suggest a longitudinal phase instabili...

Cross-protection between Venezuelan, Eastern, and Western equine encephalomyelitis (VEE, EEE, WEE) viruses was studied in the hamster by using challenge responses and neutralizing antibody titers as indexes of protection. Formalin-inactivated vaccines induced only homologous protection regardless of the sequence of vaccination or the combination of vaccines employed. Use of attenuated VEE vacci...

Experimental studies were undertaken to ascertain the vector potential of North American (Houston and Alsace) and South American (Sao Paulo and Santa Teresa) strains of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) for an epizootic (Trinidad donkey) strain of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus. Infection rates were similar in all four strains of Ae. albopictus tested after ingestion of VEE virus from a...

We consider Einstein hypersurfaces of warped products $$I\times _\omega {\mathbb {Q}}_\epsilon ^n,$$ where $$I\subset {R}}$$ is an open interval and $${\mathbb ^n$$ the simply connected space form dimension $$n\ge 2$$ constant sectional curvature $$\epsilon \in \{-1,0,1\}$$ . show that, for all $$c\in (resp. $$c>0$$ ), there exist rotational c in {H}}^n$$ {R}}^n$$ {S}}^n$$ provided that $$\omeg...

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is characterized by delivering a high amount of dose in a short period of time. In SBRT the dose is delivered using open fields (e.g., beam's-eye-view) known as 'apertures'. Mathematical methods can be used for optimizing treatment planning for delivery of sufficient dose to the cancerous cells while keeping the dose to surrounding organs at risk (OARs...

Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) epidemics and equine epizootics occurred periodically in the Americas from the 1920s until the early 1970s, when the causative viruses, subtypes IAB and IC, were postulated to have become extinct. Recent outbreaks in Columbia and Venezuela have renewed interest in the source of epidemic/epizootic viruses and their mechanism of interepizootic maintenance. We ...

A real binary tensor consists of $2^d$ entries arranged into hypercube format $2^{\times d}$. For $d=2$, a is $2\times 2$ matrix with two singular values. Their product the determinant. We generalize this formula for any $d\ge 2$. Given partition $\mu\vdash d$ and $\mu$-symmetric $t$, we study distance function from $t$ to variety $X_{\mu,\mathbb{R}}$ tensors rank one. The local minima related ...

Studies have suggested that enzootic strains of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) subtype ID in the Amazon region, Peru, may be less pathogenic to humans than are epizootic variants. Deaths of 2 persons with evidence of acute VEE virus infection indicate that fatal VEEV infection in Peru is likely. Cases may remain underreported.

The generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) holds great promise for the development of regenerative medicine therapies to treat a wide range of human diseases. However, the generation of iPSCs in the absence of integrative DNA vectors remains problematic. Here, we report a simple, highly reproducible RNA-based iPSC generation approach that utilizes a single, synthetic self-re...