نتایج جستجو برای: epistasis

تعداد نتایج: 3250  

2009
Howard D. Lipshitz Brenda J. Andrews Frederick P Roth Howard D Lipshitz Brenda J Andrews

Fine, so what does a population geneticist mean by epistasis? RA Fisher used ‘epistacy’ and later ‘epistasis’ to describe genetic interactions more generally [2]. We think that population geneticists hijacked this term over a decade after its coinage just to confuse the classical geneticists. OK, what does a medical doctor mean by epistasis? A thin film on the surface of a urine specimen. Enoug...

2013
Jan Bocianowski

Epistasis, an additive-by-additive interaction between quantitative trait loci, has been defined as a deviation from the sum of independent effects of individual genes. Epistasis between QTLs assayed in populations segregating for an entire genome has been found at a frequency close to that expected by chance alone. Recently, epistatic effects have been considered by many researchers as importa...

Journal: :Methods in molecular biology 2015
Marylyn D Ritchie

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have dominated the field of human genetics for the past 10 years. This study design allows for an unbiased, dense exploration of the genome and provides researchers with a vast array of SNPs to look for association with their trait or disease of interest. GWAS has been referred to as finding needles in a haystack and while many of these "needles," or SNPs ...

2014
David M. McCandlish Jakub Otwinowski Joshua B. Plotkin

Although the role of epistasis in evolution has received considerable attention from experimentalists and theorists alike, it is unknown which aspects of adaptation are in fact sensitive to epistasis. Here, we address this question by comparing the evolutionary dynamics on all finite epistatic landscapes versus all finite non-epistatic landscapes, under weak mutation. We first analyze the fitne...

Journal: :Genetics 2004
Wei Zhao Jun Zhu Maria Gallo-Meagher Rongling Wu

The effects of quantitative trait loci (QTL) on phenotypic development may depend on the environment (QTL x environment interaction), other QTL (genetic epistasis), or both. In this article, we present a new statistical model for characterizing specific QTL that display environment-dependent genetic expressions and genotype x environment interactions for developmental trajectories. Our model wa...

Journal: :Evolution; international journal of organic evolution 2000
C B Fenster L F Galloway

The presence or absence of epistasis, or gene interaction, is explicitly assumed in many evolutionary models. Although many empirical studies have documented a role of epistasis in population divergence under laboratory conditions, there have been very few attempts at quantifying epistasis in the native environment where natural selection is expected to act. In addition, we have little understa...

2014
Arnaud Le Rouzic

Epistasis, i.e., the fact that gene effects depend on the genetic background, is a direct consequence of the complexity of genetic architectures. Despite this, most of the models used in evolutionary and quantitative genetics pay scant attention to genetic interactions. For instance, the traditional decomposition of genetic effects models epistasis as noise around the evolutionarily-relevant ad...

2010
Koen J. F. Verhoeven George Casella Lauren M. McIntyre

Identification of genetic loci in complex traits has focused largely on one-dimensional genome scans to search for associations between single markers and the phenotype. There is mounting evidence that locus interactions, or epistasis, are a crucial component of the genetic architecture of biologically relevant traits. However, epistasis is often viewed as a nuisance factor that reduces power f...

Journal: :Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2012
Lin Xu Brandon Barker Zhenglong Gu

Epistasis refers to the phenomenon in which phenotypic consequences caused by mutation of one gene depend on one or more mutations at another gene. Epistasis is critical for understanding many genetic and evolutionary processes, including pathway organization, evolution of sexual reproduction, mutational load, ploidy, genomic complexity, speciation, and the origin of life. Nevertheless, current...

2015
ANDREW C. BERGEN

Under the traditional mutation load model based on multiplicative fitness effects, the load in a population is 1-e-U , where U is the genomic deleterious mutation rate. Because this load becomes high under large U, synergistic epistasis has been proposed as one possible means of reducing the load. However, experiments on model organisms attempting to detect synergistic epistasis have often focu...

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