In 1989, the guidance document for acutely toxic effluents entitled Methods for Aquatic Toxicity Identification Evaluations: Phase Ill Toxicity Confirmation Procedures was published (EPA, 19890). This new Phase Ill manual and its companion documents (EPA, 1991 A; EPA, 1992; EPA, 1993A) are intended to provide guidance to aid dischargers in confirming the cause of toxicity in industrial and muni...

The plasma triacylglycerol-decreasing effect of fish-oil fatty acids was studied in vitro by using the rapidly growing cultured rat hepatoma cell line McA-RH7777. Cells were exposed to albumin-complexed eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3; EPA), to oleic acid (C18:1n-9; OA), or to albumin alone. Cell growth was similar in albumin- and OA-supplemented cultures, but EPA treatment inhibited growth. As...

AIM Measure efficacy of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS Randomized controlled trial (RCT) of 0.5 g EPA or placebo (15 weeks) in 92 children (7-12 years) with ADHD. Efficacy measure was Conners' Parent/Teacher Rating Scales (CPRS/CTRS). Fatty acids were analysed in serum phospholipids and red blood cell membranes (RBC) at ba...

Human erythroid-potentiating activity (EPA) is a 28,000 mol wt glycoprotein that stimulates the growth of erythroid progenitors in vitro and enhances colony formation by the K562 human erythroleukemia cell line. EPA has potent protease inhibitory activity, and is also referred to as tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP). We observed that colony formation by K562 cells in semi-solid medi...

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) with 20 carbon atoms and 5 carbon-carbon double bonds. Mammalian cells cannot synthesize long chain PUFAs such as EPA de novo, and, thus, the most effective way to enrich cells in EPA is by dietary intake of fish oils. EPA supplementation causes an increase in its concentration in plasma lipids and in cell membrane phos...

We investigated the effects of purified eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on vascular endothelial function and free fatty acid composition in Japanese hyperlipidemic subjects. In subjects with hyperlipidemia (total cholesterol ≥220 mg/dL and/or triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL), lipid profile and forearm blood flow (FBF) during reactive hyperemia were determined before and 3 months after supplementation with...

omega-3 fatty acids (fas) have been shown to prevent cardiovascular disease. the most commonly used omega-3 fatty acids like eicosapentaenoic acid (epa) and docosahexaenoic acid (dha) are highly vulnerable to oxidation and therefore, have short shelf life. recent advances in nanoliposomes provided a biocompatible system for stabilizing omega-3 fas. several methods could be implemented to prepar...

BACKGROUND Regular consumption of n-3 fatty acids of marine origin can improve serum lipids and reduce cardiovascular risk. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine whether eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids have differential effects on serum lipids and lipoproteins, glucose, and insulin in humans. DESIGN In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of parallel design, 59 ...

Consumption of oily fish is sporadic, whereas controlled intervention studies of n-3 (ω-3) fatty acids usually provide capsules containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as a daily dose. This methodologic study explored whether there are differences in the short-, medium-, and long-term incorporation of EPA and DHA into blood plasma and cells with the provision of id...

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic disease characterized by diffuse inflammation of the intestinal mucosa of the large bowel. Omega-3 (ω3) fatty acid supplementation has been associated with a decreased production of inflammatory cytokines involved in UC pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine the preventive and therapeutic potential of eicosapentaenoic acid monoglyceride (MAG-EP...