Most chemists and many other scientists must routinely separate mixtures and identify their components. The ability to qualitatively identify the substances found in a sample can be critical. For example, an environmental chemist investigating samples of polluted ground water will want to know which toxic ions might be present in a sample. Chromatography is one of the first tools employed in su...

Model compound studies which were previously done for impurities and environmental residues of chlorophenols and for wastes of chlorination processes were extended to the impurities and pyrolysis products of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Model compounds were commercial products or synthesized and their structures proven by spectroscopic methods. These models were used as analytical referenc...

Most chemists and many other scientists must routinely separate mixtures and identify their components. The ability to qualitatively identify the substances found in a sample can be critical. For example, an environmental chemist investigating samples of polluted ground water will want to know which toxic ions might be present in a sample. Chromatography is one of the first tools employed in su...

Toxic chemicals introduced into the environment can penetrate ecosystems and can be found in the whole biosphere. Chemical contamination may affect ecosystems, causing changes in the functions of particular organisms. Adverse effects of xenobiotics and their metabolites on living organisms can be observed. In the last few years investigations have focused on searching for bioindicators (both pl...

Artists may be exposed to a variety of potentially noxious materials. The modern techniques they use imply exposure to environmental hazards. Occupational health was evaluated in individuals engaged in different arts such as sculpture, painting, printmaking, restoration photography, glass-work and ceramics, because of exposure to toxic chemicals in art materials, tools and methods used in their...

ubiquity of toxic substances in the environment continues to be a significant public health concern. Body burdens of chemicals such as dioxins, methyl mercury, PCBs, and a range of the " usual suspects " are the increasingly represented norm rather than the exception in the U.S. population. In the recently released National Exposure Report (National Center for Environmental Health 2003), which ...

The incineration of municipal solid waste leads to the environmental release of some toxic substances, albeit of low atmospheric concentration in the proximity of the most recently built incinerators thanks to the substantial advancements in air pollution control equipment. An excess risk of some adverse health outcomes (cancer, birth defects, and respiratory diseases in particular) has been li...

Section 25200.1.5., Health and Safety Code, enacted by Assembly Bill 2060, authorizes DTSC to certify the performance of hazardous waste environmental technologies. Only technologies which are determined to not pose a significant potential hazard to the public health and safety or to the environment when used under specified operating conditions may be certified. Incineration technologies are e...

In the South African National Water Act (NWA, No 36 of 1998), the ecological Reserve is defined as the quality and quantity of water required to ensure appropriate protection of water resources, so as to secure ecologically sustainable development and use. Aquatic ecosystems are recognised as the core location of water resources, and although considerable progress has been made in developing me...