this study attempts to investigate the relationship between pollution and economic growth for two groups of countries according to environmental kuznets curve hypothesis for a sample of 24 developing countries and 26 oecd countries over the period 1980 - 2005. then, we examine this hypothesis using modern econometrics techniques including panel co-integration and panel unit-root. the panel data...

background: foreign immigrants form the part of the population of each country. among the foreign immigrant population in iran, the share of immigrants and nationals from afghanistan is very noticeable. one of the factors that affect this people's physical and mental health is social support. this study aimed to investigate the status of social support and its effective factors on afghan immigr...

Background: Due to the lack of a proper waste management system, Tehran Municipality Region 20 is facing economic and environmental problems such as the high costs of a disposal system and source pollution. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a method for collecting and evaluating the inputs, outputs, and potential environmental impacts of a product system throughout its life cycle. The current stud...

Spatial planning is defined as the change of the distribution of activities in space and the change of the links between them by converting forms of land use and property. Systematic spatial planning is the most advanced level in a hierarchy from data and going to information and knowledge, collected on each level of territorial holarchy. Systematization is achieved by data converting into high...

Multiple Objective Decision Support System (MODSS), or Multiple Criteria Analysis (MCA), has been put forward as an approach to decision-making that identifies a management option or options that best “satisfices” the interests of affected stakeholders when the problem to be addressed is complex and the outcomes difficult to quantify. The approach, which facilitates the incorporation of informa...

The University of Hertfordshire, in collaboration with two UK agricultural establishments ADAS and IACR-Rothamsted are developing a computerised decision support system for environmental management of arable agriculture. Part of this system is aimed towards encouraging sound farmland conservation to protect existing plants and animals, to encourage greater biodiversity and to help the farming c...