There are two dominant conceptual models of common property resource management: a capitalist model and a socialist model. The capitalist model argues that resources that are held commonly are subject to degradation. Hence, privatization of public resources is the only viable solution to the problem. The socialist model explains that economic poverty caused by inequitable distribution of resour...

With introduction of social niche effects into a model of cultural change, the frequency of a practice cannot predict the frequency of its underlying belief. The combination of a general model with empirical data from a specific case illustrates the importance of collaboration between modellers and field researchers, and identifies the type of quantitative data necessary for analysing case stud...

Nowadays high trend of human machinery life, high utilizing vehicles, avoiding urban public place along with neglecting identity, cultural and social values of these places make that the places in urban different scales dismiss their importance and real role. In recent decades, designing public places in urban different scales has been considered as awesome effort to meet human social needs. Th...

the primary objective of this research is to evolve “a model for organizational intelligence in iranian universities”. based on the literature review, the dimensions and components of organizational intelligence in public universities were identified using expert panel opinions and delphi technique. a novel model for organizational intelligence in iranian universities is investigated by using d...

based on a gender equity perspective and within a pluralistic civil society, women should have equal rights for presence in and use of urban open spaces. despite this, various factors decrease their presence including inappropriate design of space, as well as socio-cultural obstacles. since women’s major place of presence and activity has traditionally been in or near home, neighborhood open sp...

among various types of cities, mining cities have special features including a high concentration of industrial activities associated with the exploration, extraction, refining, processing and export of groundwater resources, the risk of reduction and termination of non-renewable resources, high degree of environmental pollution, high production of domestic and industrial waste and social issue...