OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that material disadvantage explains the increased risk among children and young people of adverse health, educational, and behavioural problems associated with living in lone parent households in Britain STUDY DESIGN Secondary analysis of a cross sectional survey of a representative sample of British households with children and youthMain outcomes: Parent repo...

Over the past decade, there has been growing interest in real-time assessment of student engagement and motivation during interactions with educational software. Detecting symptoms of disengagement, such as offtask behavior, has shown considerable promise for understanding students’ motivational characteristics during learning. In this paper, we investigate the affective role of off-task behavi...

INTRODUCTION This study explored the association between unsupervised time with peers and adolescent smoking behavior both directly and indirectly through interaction with delinquent peers, social expectancies about cigarette smoking, and cigarette offers from peers. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was used for the study and included 248 male and female middle school students. RESULTS Resu...

A large number of studies have shown that friends' smoking behavior is strongly associated with an individual's own risk for smoking. However, few studies have examined whether other features of social networks, independently or conjointly with friends' smoking behavior, may influence the risk for smoking. Because it is characterized by the growing importance of friendship networks, the transit...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the association of cigarette smoking and weight concerns in adolescents, given that adolescents may begin smoking or have difficulty quitting because of their expectancies of the effects of smoking on body weight. METHODS This study used data from a cross-sectional survey of 4523 Connecticut high school adolescents to assess the influence o...

introduction study of environmental behavior and the factors affecting it, is one of the most fundamental issues of interest to researchers in the interdisciplinary fields including environmental field. in this regard, the basic objective of this paper is to study of environmental behavior spillover. one of the determinant factors of forming behavior in the field of environment is “place”. indi...

The literature on environmental activism has failed to produce a model of individual decisionmaking explicitly linked to the logic of collective action. To remedy this problem, this paper adapts the collective interest model developed by Finkel, Muller, and Opp (1989) to explain protest behavior, and argues environmental activism is a function of citizen beliefs about collective benefits, the a...

The effects of psychoactive drugs are not just a function of their pharmacological actions, but are due to complex interactions among pharmacological, psychological, and environmental factors. We discuss here how drug-environment interactions determine the likelihood that addictive drugs produce a persistent form of neurobehavioral plasticity (sensitization) thought to be involved in the pathop...

The external environment can have a profound impact on our brains and behavior. Yet, even with such a profound impact, it is often easy to ignore just how much the environment can affect us. This is exacerbated by the fact that humans have been able to manipulate their environment so effectively to ease daily life. Even so, the environment shapes our brains and behaviors tremendously. This arti...