BACKGROUND Sexual coevolution is considered responsible for the evolution of many male genital traits, but its effect on female genital morphology is poorly understood. In many lepidopterans, females become temporarily unreceptive after mating and the length of this refractory period is inversely related to the amount of spermatophore remaining in their genital tracts. Sperm competition can sel...

Subject responses were measured for individual narrow-band reproducible stimuli in a low-frequency tone-in-noise detection task. Both N0S0 and N0Spi conditions were examined. The goal of the experiment was to determine the relative importance of envelope and fine-structure cues. Therefore, chimeric stimuli were generated by recombining envelopes and fine structures from different reproducible s...

BACKGROUND Studies largely from the market research field suggest that the inclusion of a stamped addressed envelope, rather than a pre-paid business reply, increases the response rate to mail surveys. The evidence that this is also the case regarding patient mail surveys is limited. METHODS The aim of this study is to investigate whether stamped addressed envelopes increase response rates to...

Frequency domain linear prediction (FDLP) is a technique for auto-regressive (AR) modeling of Hilbert envelopes of the signal. The model is derived by the application of linear prediction on the discrete cosine transform (DCT) of the signal. In this paper, we propose modifications of the basic FDLP approach for deriving high resolution envelopes. We determine various factors which affect tempor...