Invading pathogens provoke the autophagic machinery and, in a process termed xenophagy, the host cell survives because autophagy is employed as a safeguard for pathogens that escaped phagosomes. However, some pathogens can manipulate the autophagic pathway and replicate within the niche of generated autophagosome-like vesicles. By automated fluorescence-based high content analyses, we demonstra...

Anionic surfactants are the most widely exploited chemical surfactants, which are being incorporated into majority of detergents and cleaning products used for household and industrial applications. Linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) is one of the major xenobiotic anionic surfactants. Biodegradation is an effective process to reduce the amount of surfactants released in the environment. In th...

Abstract: This study investigated the effects of different fiber contents by volume (0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%) on flowability, entrapped air content, and compressive and flexural strength of ultra high performance concrete (UHPC). Four water-to-binder ratios (0.18, 0.20, 0.22, 0.24) were used and four different dosages of superplasticizer were introduced for preparing each water-to-binder ratio mixtu...

The use of liposomes as carriers of therapeutic agents has been extensively reviewed (Tyrrell et al., 1976). We (Patel & Ryman, 1976) have shown that encapsulation within liposomes may be an effective way of administering insulin orally, by which route it is normally destroyed in the gastrointestinal tract. When liposomally entrapped insulin was given orally to diabetic rats, there was a signif...

A novel bienzyme-channeling sensor was constructed by entrapping glucose oxidase (GOD) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the mesopores of well-ordered hexagonal mesoporous silica structures (SBA-15). The SBA-15 mesoporous materials accelerated the electron transfer between the entrapped HRP and electrode. Both HRP and GOD retained their catalytic activities in the bienzyme-entrapped SBA-15 fi...

Efficient functioning of enzymes inside liposomes would open new avenues for applications in biocatalysis and bioanalytical tools. In this study, the entrapment of amyloglucosidase (AMG) (EC 3.2.1.3) from Aspergillus niger into dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) multilamellar vesicles (MLVs) and large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) was investigated. Negative-stain, freeze-fracture, and cryo-tra...

The paper describes development of a sol-gel based immunoaffinity method for the steroid hormone levonorgestrel (LNG) and the effects of changes in the sol-gel matrix format on the activity of the entrapped antibodies (Abs) and on matrix structure. The best sol-gel format for Ab entrapment was found to be a tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) based matrix at a TMOS:water ratio of 1:8, containing 10% poly...

TAKADA, G., ONODERA, II. and TADA, K. Tissue Distribution of Unentrapped or Liposome-Entrapped 1311-Labeled f3-Galactosidase Injected into Rats. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1981, 134 (2), 103-114 Either unentrapped (free) or liposomeentrapped 131I-labeled 9-galactosidase was injected into rats from tail veins. Tissue distribution and intracellular localization of the radioactivity of both sources were...