When the government subsidizes a commodity, it normally intends to promote production and/or consumption of that commodity for either political, environmental, or economic reasons. Today one major subsidy is the ethanol program, currently with a $0.51 per gallon subsidy, which will in the near future amount to a bill of over $3 billion annually on 6 billion gallons of production. This paper inv...

Using panel data on investment of firms in energy saving technology, we measure the impact of the payback period of the technology on the probability to adopt the technology in the absence of tax and subsidy incentives. We find that the decision rules to adopt energy saving technology differs substantially between different types of firms, i.e. for-profit/notfor-profit as the decision to adopt ...

  The study examines the effects of awareness of fertilizer subsidy on the yield of crops among rural farmers in Ghana. Random sampling was used to select six communities and 10 households per community. They include Bawku, Navrongo, Tolon kumbungu and Walewale from the Northern part and Ejura and Atebubu in the Southern part of Ghana. Primary data were collected from the sampled household by ...

Problem the fiscal deficit still has a bad influence on increase in government debt every year. So far, tended to withdraw new cover deficit.In conditions of negative primary balance, withdrawals tend deficits and failures long run. This condition is also exacerbated by Covid-19 that hit Indonesia. The exceeded 3 percent GDP. even though state finance law maximum had people's purchasing power. ...

While it is well established that ecosystem subsidies--the addition of energy, nutrients, or materials across ecosystem boundaries--can affect consumer abundance, there is less information available on how subsidy levels may affect consumer diet, body condition, trophic position, and resource partitioning among consumer species. There is also little information on whether changes in vegetation ...

PURPOSE To test the effects of employer subsidies on employee enrollment, attendance, and weight loss in a nationally available weight management program. DESIGN A randomized trial tested the impact of employer subsidy: 100%; 80%, 50%, and a hybrid 50% subsidy that could become a 100% subsidy by attaining attendance targets. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01756066. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Twenty ...

The prime focus of ethanol production from corn is to replace the imported oil used in American vehicles, without expending more fossil energy in ethanol production than is produced as ethanol energy. In a thorough and up-to-date evaluation of all the fossil energy costs of ethanol production from corn, every step in the production and conversion process must be included. In this study, 14 ener...

This paper analyzes the welfare effects of subsidies to attract multinational corporations when firms are heterogeneous in their productivity levels. I show that the use of a small subsidy raises welfare in the FDI host country, with the consumption gains from attracting more multinationals exceeding the direct cost of funding the subsidy program through a tax on labor income. This welfare gain...

In recent years, China has gradually cancelled agricultural tax which has been imposed for more than two thousand years. Reviewing and reflecting on the history, target, pattern, scope of the Chinese new agricultural subsidy system, this paper discusses the dilemma of subsidy target, irrational subsidy structure and environmental pollution. Finally the bottleneck of Chinese new agricultural sub...

The increasing public attention on green products prompted firms and government to focus on the design and manufacturing of these products. This study focuses on a supply chain system that consists of three members, namely, supplier, manufacturer, and government, and then investigates the effects of government subsidies on social welfare and the profits of supply chain members. We utilize game ...