Abstract In this paper, we give various lower and upper bounds for the energy of graphs in terms several topological indices graphs: first general multiplicative Zagreb index, Randić zeroth-order redefined indices, atom-bond connectivity index. Moreover, obtain new certain graph invariants as diameter, girth, algebraic radius.

topological indices are the numerical value associated with chemical constitution purporting for correlation ofchemical structure with various physical properties, chemical reactivity or biological activity. graph theory is adelightful playground for the exploration of proof techniques in discrete mathematics and its results haveapplications in many areas of sciences. one of the useful indices ...

The aim of this study is to determine the causality relationship between energy prices, which are among most important inputs economy, and selected stock market indices developed countries. Crude oil natural gas used as variables. G7 countries were represent Stock in Dow & Jones (USA), DAX (Germany), CAC40 (France), FTSE250 (England), FTSE Italia All Share (Italy), NIKKEI225 (Japan), S&...

One of the useful indices in molecular topology is Randić index. The alternative double bonds andconjugation in the polyene compounds are one of the main properties in these compounds. Someof the molecular orbital and structural properties refer to this specialty, such as: molar absorptioncoefficient (εmax) , electrical conductivity and difference energy level of the HOMO and LUMOorbitals, etc....

The impact of physico-chemical factors on percent coral cover and coral health was examined on a spatial basis for two dominant Acropora species, A. digitifera and A. spicifera, at Ningaloo Reef (north-western Australia) in the southeast Indian Ocean. Coral health was investigated by measuring metabolic indices (RNA/DNA ratio and protein concentration), energy levels (lipid ratio) and autotroph...

Safeguarding the energy security is an important energy policy goal of every country. Assuring sufficient and reliable resources of energy at affordable prices is the main objective of energy security. Due to such reasons as special geopolitical position, terrorist attacks and other unrest in the Middle East, securing Iran’s energy demand and increasing her natural gas exports have turned into ...

Higher protein meals increase satiety and the thermic effect of feeding (TEF) in acute settings, but it is unclear whether these effects remain after a person becomes acclimated to energy restriction or a given protein intake. This study assessed the effects of predominant protein source (omnivorous, beef/pork vs. lacto-ovo vegetarian, soy/legume) and quantity (10%, 20%, or 30% of energy from p...

background: consumption of energy drinks has become widespread among athletes. the effectiveness of red bull and hype energy drinks on selected indices of maximal cardiorespiratory fitness and blood lactate levels in male athletes was examined in this study. methods: ten male student athletes (age: 22.4 ± 2.1 years, height: 180.8 ± 7.7 cm, weight: 74.2 ± 8.5 kg) performed three randomized maxim...

growth monitoring is very important in nutritional assessment of children up to the age of maturity. based on studies in kohgiluyeh-boirahmad province, many of under five years old children are suffering from protein- energy malnutrition, although the nutritional conditions of school children are unknown. this study was performed to determine the prevalence of protein- energy malnutrition in ru...