Although much is known about the mechanisms of signal-mediated protein and RNA nuclear import and export, little is understood concerning the nuclear import of plasmid DNA. Plasmids between 4.2 and 14.4 kilobases were specifically labeled using a fluorescein-conjugated peptide nucleic acid clamp. The resulting substrates were capable of gene expression and nuclear localization in microinjected ...

Infection of non-dividing cells is a biological property of HIV-1 crucial for virus transmission and AIDS pathogenesis. This property depends on nuclear import of the intracellular reverse transcription and pre-integration complexes (RTCs/PICs). To identify cellular factors involved in nuclear import of HIV-1 RTCs, cytosolic extracts were fractionated by chromatography and import activity exami...

Exchange of information between the nucleus and cytosol depends on the metabolic state of the cell, yet the energy-supply pathways to the nuclear compartment are unknown. Here, the energetics of nucleocytoplasmic communication was determined by imaging import of a constitutive nuclear protein histone H1. Translocation of H1 through nuclear pores in cardiac cells relied on ATP supplied by mitoch...

The COVID-19 pandemic has seriously challenged the global oil market, and coronavirus-induced prices crash, demand decline economic recession affect China’s supply as well. China high vulnerability due to its rising import dependency which aggravates Beijing’s concerns about security, despite at a time of pandemic-induced oversupply. This study uses SWOT analytical model ide...

The molecular chaperone Hsp70 plays a central role in the import of cytoplasmic proteins into organelles, driving their translocation by binding them from the organellar interior. Starting from the experimentally-determined structure of the E. coli Hsp70, we computed, by means of molecular simulations, the effective free-energy profile for substrate translocation upon chaperone binding. We then...

Safeguarding the energy security is an important energy policy goal of every country. Assuring sufficient and reliable resources of energy at affordable prices is the main objective of energy security. Due to such reasons as special geopolitical position, terrorist attacks and other unrest in the Middle East, securing Iran’s energy demand and increasing her natural gas exports have turned into ...

South Korea, ranking ninth among the largest energy consumers and seventh in carbon dioxide emissions from 2016 to 2021, faces challenges security climate change mitigation. The primary challenge lies transitioning fossil fuel dependency a more sustainable diversified portfolio while meeting growing demand for continued economic growth. This necessitates fostering innovation investment green se...

Nuclear import of plasmid DNA in nondividing cells is a process essential to the success of numerous viral life cycles, gene therapy protocols, and gene expression experiments. Here, intact protein-free SV40 DNA was cytoplasmically injected into cells and its subcellular localization was followed by in situ hybridization. SV40 DNA localized to the nucleus consistent with a mechanism of transpor...