We developed a new computer code which is able to treat the time dependent photoand collisional ionization of gaseous nebulae together with the consistent energy balance for arbitrary numbers of elements, ions and line transitions. The intention of this paper is to describe the basic numerical methods and a few test calculations as being parts of full spherically symmetric radiation-gasdynamic ...

A modified sum-rates method based on insights provided by an analysis given by Sridhar and Lucia (Ind. Engng Chem. Res. 28, 793-803, 1989) is presented. Newton’s method is used to accelerate the inner loop of combined mass balance and phase equilibrium equations and to solve the outer loop of energy balance equations. All partial derivative information is obtained in analytical form. Several li...

The non-uniform air gap in an electrical machine caused by rotor eccentricity creates an asymmetrical flux-density distribution in the air gap. This can affect the nominal torque produced by the machine. Eccentricity also produces forces that act on the rotor which may also have an effect on the torque. Thus, it is important to know how the torque of the machine behaves. In this paper, the torq...

The nonlinear dynamic finite element solution of pipe whip problems is presented. The finite element modelling used, the step-by-step incremental solution of the nonlinear equations of motion and design considerations are discussed. The influence of various physical parameters on the response of the pipe and the restraint, and the effects of using different finite element models are considered....

Evapotranspiration (ET) is an essential part of the hydrological cycle and accurately estimating it plays a crucial role in water resource management. Surface energy balance (SEB) models are widely used to estimate regional ET with remote sensing. The presence of horizontal advection, however, perturbs the surface energy balance system and contributes to the uncertainty of energy influxes. Thus...

Using indicator-based assessment, this study examines the energy security of nine Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member countries to see how it has evolved over the past 12 years and identifies a country-specific energy security context for each country. The assessment uses 42 energy security indicators, which can be separated into five components: overall energy balance, socio-...

It is a commonly held belief that exercise (one method of inducing an energy deficit) causes a compensation in energy intake to match the exercise-induced energy expenditure. This could possibly lead to the belief that exercise is not a useful method of weight loss which could then be used as an excuse not to exercise. However, there is no compelling evidence to suggest that exercise drives hun...

A model for time dependent analysis of solar chimneys is presented. The energy balance equations for three components of solar chimneys, absorbing plate, cover glass and air-gap are discretized with respect to time using an implicit finite difference model. The discretized nonlinear energy balance equations are solved for numerous time steps over a 24-h period using the Newton–Raphson method. T...

background & aim: energy is one of important debates in agriculture ecology and for this reason; the ratio of output and input energy in different agriculture ecosystems has been calculated. if one can reduce, input energy level into farms through the indices like poisons, fertilization, tractor energy and lab our force. in addition to the net income of the farmers, this issue would play a ...