Acute encephalitis constitutes a medical emergency. In most cases, the presence of focal neurological signs and focal seizures will distinguish encephalitis from encephalopathy. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is a non-infective inflammatory encephalitis that may require to be treated with steroids. Acute infective encephalitis is usually viral. Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is the com...

Encephalitis associated with antibodies against the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (i.e., anti-NMDAR encephalitis) is an immune-mediated disorder mainly affecting girls and young women ovarian teratoma. The clinical picture of disease progresses from headaches seizures, psychopathological symptoms anxiety, psychosis, or hyperreligiosity), neuropsychological deficits memory, attention, language d...

BACKGROUND In China, there were few studies about the pathogens of acute viral encephalitis and meningitis in children in recent years. The aims of this study were to characterize the etiology and prognosis of acute viral encephalitis and meningitis in Chinese children. METHODS This was a multicentre prospective study. Two hundred and sixty one viral encephalitis patients and 285 viral mening...

OBJECTIVES To compare the results of clinical assessment and MRI with neuropathological findings in the diagnosis of HIV and cytomegalovirus (CMV) associated CNS disease. METHODS A retrospective study of 35 patients infected with HIV who were examined at necropsy between four and 70 (median 20) days after neurological assessment and MRI. RESULTS Of the 35 patients, 19 had diffuse white matt...

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is the leading cause of virus-induced encephalitis; however, the viral genes that regulate encephalitis have not been well characterized. In this study, we tested whether the LAT (latency-associated transcript) locus regulates the frequency of encephalitis in male or female mice. Male BALB/c mice are more susceptible to HSV-1-induced encephalitis than age-mat...

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is an autoimmune inflammation of the brain parenchyma mediated with autoantibodies against NMDA receptors in neuronal cells. It most common form encephalitides pediatric patients. In this case report, we present a child anti-NMDAR encephalitis, refractory to first-line therapy.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Encephalitis and postinfectious encephalitis represent two important conditions for the neurologist, both in terms of their presentations as neurologic emergencies and their potential to cause death or serious neurologic impairment. This article reviews the major infectious and noninfectious causes of encephalitis and discusses postinfectious encephalitis as an indirect effect...

Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain. The diagnosis of encephalitis can be established only by microscopic examination of brain tissue, and similarly the etiology is established only by the recovery from or the demonstration in brain tissue of an infectious agent. In clinical practice, however, the diagnosis of encephalitis frequently is based on neurologic manifestations, and the etiol...

Background. It is difficult to confirm the diagnosis of mixed infection erythema migrans form Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis at onset disease because delayed seroconversion.
 Purpose. Assessment hemogram predictors develop a model for early encephalitis.
 Materials methods. The study involved 21 patients with (Group 1) 25 monoinfection 2), who were hospitalized no later ...

IMPORTANCE The clinical features of autoimmune encephalitis associated with antibodies against the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR-Abs) remain poorly defined. OBJECTIVES To describe 7 patients with encephalitis and AMPAR-Abs and to provide a review of the literature on this disease entity. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The setting was the Centre Nati...