Abstract Sea surface temperature (SST) variability of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) underpins its global impact, and future change is a long-standing science issue. In sixth assessment, the IPCC reports no systematic in ENSO SST under any emission scenarios considered. However, comparison between 20th 21st century shows robust increase century-long four plausible scenarios.

. introduction global warming and its result, climate change is an important subject investigated especially in the recent decades by researchers throughout the world. in these studies, at first, climatic parameters changes are investigated. considering many uncertainties in the parameters estimation, it is better to choose a method in order to study and analyze the uncertainty band due to diff...

This study investigates the effects of reductions in nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from major point sources on daily maximum 8-h ozone concentrations in the eastern United States. The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model was utilized in photochemical simulations on a matrix of modeling scenarios permitting an examination of the separate effects of emission changes and meteorological i...

in agricultural meteorology, the growing season is the period within each year when crops can be grown from a view of thermal conditions. this period is in general, between the last and first frost dates in spring and autumn when temperature is above a specific threshold. there are two other definitions when using a 5 °c as threshold. one of the methods employed in studying future climate is us...

in recent years, human activities has resulted increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (co2) concentration. increase in [co2] has caused global warming and climate change. the aim of this study was to assess potential climate change impact on production for one of the most important varieties of wheat (chamran) in ahvaz region. for this purpose, thirteen aogcm models and two greenhouse gases em...

a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classification: D58 Q48 Q54 Keywords: Emission trading Climate mitigation policy CGE model Technological assumptions This study quantified the effectiveness of emission trading by considering multiple technological constraints, burden sharing schemes, and climate stabilization targets. We used a global computable general equilibrium model, and evaluated the effectivene...