emigration is such an important topic that has been attained a lot of interest especially in the last three decades. according to the statistics announced by the united nations, outbound emigrants in recent years have been far from inbound emigrants in iran. therefore, investigating the role of various main determinants in the flow of outbound emigrants is so important and could be considered i...

This paper is devoted to optimal income taxation in an open economy. It examines the consequences of the increasing mobility of high skilled workers between developed countries. We focus on a world consisting of two countries, a redistributive country and a laissez-faire country. We rst look into the rst-best optimal tax scheme when emigration of every agent is prevented. We prove that, under t...

Extravasation and emigration of neutrophils to the site of inflammation are essential early steps in the initiation of many antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases. The Fc domains of cell bound autoantibodies or immune-complexes (IC) are capable of triggering the neutrophil emigration via complement and FcgammaRs-mediated mechanisms. To define the clinical relevance and the relative contribution ...

We have previously shown that T lymphocytes and interferon-gamma are involved in hypercholesterolemia-induced leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium. This study assessed the contribution of interleukin 12 (IL-12) to these hypercholesterolemia-induced inflammatory responses. Intravital videomicroscopy was used to quantify leukocyte adhesion and emigration and oxidant stress (dihydrorhodamine...

As delphinid populations become increasingly exposed to human activities we rely on our capacity to produce accurate abundance estimates upon which to base management decisions. This study applied mark-recapture methods following the Robust Design to estimate abundance, demographic parameters, and temporary emigration rates of an Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) population off...

By Vincent Richards, Superintendent of Emigration and Medical Inspector of Emigrants. A thorough and trustworthy history of cholera amongst emigrants would be of very considerable value, but, unfortunately, for reasons which I have enumerated in my paper on " Inland Emigration," it is impossible, at any rate with reference to the operations of the earlier years, to furnish anything more than the

Lethal control, which has been used to reduce local abundances of animals in conflict with humans or with endangered species, may not achieve management goals if animal movement is not considered. In populations with emigration and immigration, lethal control may induce compensatory immigration, if the source of attraction remains unchanged. Within the Columbia River Basin (Washington, U.S.A.),...

BACKGROUND Knowledge of immigration and emigration rates is crucial for understanding of population dynamics, yet little is known about these vital rates, especially for arctic songbirds. We estimated immigration in an Arctic population of northern wheatears on Baffin Island, Canada, by the use of stable hydrogen isotopes in tail feathers (δ(2)HK). We assumed that δ(2)HK values of juvenile (hat...

T cell development in the thymus involves a series of TCR-mediated control points including TCR-beta selection and positive and negative selection. Approximately half of the thymic sojourn is spent in the medulla, where thymocytes undergo final maturation before emigrating to the periphery. Although it is acknowledged that thymic emigration is an active process, relatively little is known about...