The results presented at the 28th International Cosmic Ray Conference on neutrino and muon physics are summarized. Neutrinos and muons provide a huge amount of information on particle interactions up to very high energies and on fundamental particle properties. Results on neutrino oscillations in the atmospheric and solar ν sectors are summarized. Oscillations are well established in both secto...

We analyze Niels Bohr's proposed two-slit interference experiment with highly charged particles which argues that the consistency of elementary quantum mechanics requires that the electromagnetic field must be quantized. In the experiment a particle's path through the slits is determined by measuring the Coulomb field that it produces at large distances; under these conditions the interference ...

The study of two spin asymmetries in hadron-hadron collisions probes the details of fundamental particle interactions in ways infeasible to machines with unpolarized collisions. Within reach is how the proton spin is distributed among its constituents through ∆G and ∆q̄. Measuring couplings, furthering our understanding jet structure and uncovering new physics are all among the possibilities ava...

INTRODUCTION This work is the overview of experimental results on the investigation of photon interactions obtained at LEP. The generalized diagram of the reaction (e + e – e + e – + X) is shown in Fig. 1 [1]. Incident electrons 1 emit virtual photons which due to the uncertainty principle fluctuate to some intermediate state: / pair or quark–gluon system. The two-photon interaction can be repr...

String theory is a physical model that represents elementary particles by vibrating strings with the aim of unifying the four forces of nature (gravitational, electromagnetic, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear). As a closed string (i.e a loop) moves through space, it may split into two (corresponding to fission), which may later recombine into one (corresponding to fusion). The path traced by a ...

The covariant regularization of the contributions of fundamental particles to the vacuum energy density is implemented in the Pauli-Villars, dimensional regularization, and Feynman regulator frameworks. Rules of correspondence between dimensional regularization and cutoff calculations are discussed. Invoking the scale invariance of free field theories in the massless limit, as well as consisten...

We propose a possible answer to one of the most exciting open questions in physics and cosmology, that is the question why we seem to experience four-dimensional space-time with three ordinary and one time dimensions. Making assumptions (such as particles being in first approximation massless) about the equations of motion, we argue for restrictions on the number of space and time dimensions. (...

The “Standard Model” of elementary particle physics encompasses the progress that has been made in the past half-century in understanding the weak, electromagnetic, and strong interactions. The name was apparently bestowed by my Ph. D. thesis advisor, Sam B. Treiman, whose dedication to particle physics kindled the light for so many of his students during those times of experimental and theoret...

Elementary particle scatterings and decays in presence of a background magnetic field are very common in physics, specially after the observation that the core of the neutron stars can sustain a magnetic field of the order of 10 G. The important point about these calculations is that they are done in a background of a gauge field and as a result the calculations are prone to gauge arbitrariness...

In a space of d Grassmann coordinates two types of generators of Lorentz transformations can be defined, one of spinorial and the other of vectorial character. Both kinds of operators appear as linear operators in Grassmann space, definig the fundamental and the adjoint representations of the group SO(1, d−1), respectively. The eigenvalues of commuting operators belonging to the subgroup (SO(1,...