The binding energies of all hydrogen isotopes have been calculated successfully for the first time in a previous paper [J Fusion Energy, 30 (2011) 377], using only the electric and magnetic Coulomb’s laws, without using the hypothetical shell model of the nucleus and its mysterious strong force. In this paper, an elementary calculation gives the order of magnitude of the nuclear interaction. Th...

Since the particles such as molecules, atoms and nuclei are composite particles, it is important to recognize that physics must be invariant for the composite particles and their constituent particles, this requirement is called particle invariance in this paper. But difficulties arise immediately because for fermion we use Dirac equation, for meson we use Klein-Gordon equation and for classica...

Since particles such as molecules, atoms and nuclei are composite particles, it is important to recognize that physics must be invariant for the composite particles and their constituent particles, this requirement is called particle invariance in this paper. But difficulties arise immediately because for fermion we use the Dirac equation, for meson we use the Klein-Gordon equation and for clas...

Since particles such as molecules, atoms and nuclei are composite particles, it is important to recognize that physics must be invariant for the composite particles and their constituent particles, this requirement is called particle invariance in this paper. But difficulties arise immediately because for fermion we use the Dirac equation, for meson we use the Klein-Gordon equation and for clas...

Exact solution of the modified Dirac equation in rotating medium is found in polar coordinates in the limit of vanishing neutrino mass. The solution for the active lefthanded particle exhibit properties similar to those peculiar for the charged particle moving in the presence of a constant magnetic field. Accordingly, the particle in the rotating matter has circle orbits with energy levels, ana...

The problem of the passage of the neutral massless particle with anomalous magnetic moment through the external electromagnetic field is considered both in pseudoclassical and quantum mechanics. The quantum description uses the hamiltonian in the Foldy– Wouthuysen representation, obtained from the pseudoclassical hamiltonian of the massive charged particle with anomalous magnetic moment in inte...

It is well-known that equations for particles with spin more than 12 have a lot of defects such as: acausality [1], incompatibility of the theoretical value of gyromagnetic ratio g = 1s with experimental value g = 2 for any spin, complex value of energy of charged particle in constant magnetic field and others. In the papers [2, 3] tensor-bispinor equation was considered, which describes the mo...

Neutrino masses are zero in the minimal supersymmetric standard model. I discuss how they may become nonzero with new interactions which may or may not violate R-parity conservation. ———————– Talk presented at the 6th Corfu Summer Institute on Elementary Particle Physics, 1998.

Inspired by the concept of complementarity, we present a illustrative model for the weak interactions with unbroken gauge symmetry and unbroken supersymmetry. The observable particles are bound states of some more fundamental particles. Supersymmetry is broken at the macroscopic scale of the observable particles by a discrete symmetry but remains exact at the scale of the fundamental particle a...

The production and study of particles through deep inelastic scattering is one of the main tools in high energy physics and has led to a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental particles and interactions up to the electroweak energy scale. Successful running of the HERA ep collider, √ s = 319 GeV, has recently come to an end, and selected results are already available from the complete 1...