Abstract Silicon solar cells are crucial devices for generating renewable energy to promote the and environmental fields. Presently, high-purity silicon, which is employed in cells, manufactured commercially via Siemens process. This process based on hydrogen reduction and/or thermal decomposition of trichlorosilane gas. The electrochemical producing silicon has attracted enormous attention as ...

Cu electrorefining using a low-grade copper anode is desirable from the standpoint of electric power savings. electrolysis was carried out in an unagitated sulfate solution with anode, and effect impurity ions additives on passivation investigated. The time when firstly occurs shortened significantly containing 0.596 mol·dm−3 Ni2+ as somewhat As5+(0.053 mol·dm−3) or Bi3+(0.0005 ions. Sn2+(0.000...