background: estimating dosimetric parameters for small fields under non-reference conditions leads to significant errors if done based on conventional protocols used for large fields in reference conditions. hence, further correction factors have been introduced to take into account the influence of spectral quality changes when various detectors are used in non-reference conditions at differen...

Experimental demonstration of net electro-luminescent cooling in a diode, or equivalently electroluminescence with wall-plug efficiency greater than unity, had eluded direct observation for more than five decades. We review experiments demonstrating light emission from a light-emitting diode in which the electron population is pumped by a combination of electrical work and heat.

Accumulation of electrons in course of transportation of tubular high-current electron beam in a coaxial diode with magnetic insulation was studied in the situation of counterstream electron motion occurring due to the formation of a virtual cathode. Accumulation of electrons in these flows is accompanied by gradual increase in their relative energy spread and simultaneous decrease in the maxim...

Foilless diode are widely used in high-power microwave devices, but the traditional foilless diodes have large volume, heavy weight, and high power consumption, which not conducive to application of system on mobile platform. In order reduce size diode, improve transmission efficiency electron beams, weight consumption guiding magnetic field system, an axial with a composite is developed this p...

On-chip ESD protection circuits realized with novel diode structures without the field-oxide boundary across the p/n junction are proposed. A PMOS (NMOS) is especially inserted into the diode structure to form the PMOS-bounded (NMOS-bounded) diode, which is used to block the field oxide isolation across the p/n junction in the diode structure. Without the field oxide boundary across the p/n jun...

An anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template was formed by a two-step anodization process. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were successfully synthesized along with AAO pores and the diameters of CNTs equaled those of AAO pores. The lengths of CNTs during a chemical vapor deposition synthesized process on the AAO template were effectively controlled. These AAO-CNTs exhibit excellent field emission with a low...

Purpose: To investigate the energy dependence/spectral sensitivity of silicon diodes designed for small-field dosimetry and obtain response factors (RFs) for arbitrary photon spectra using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations.   Methods: The EGSnrc user-code DOSRZnrc was used to calculate the dose deposition in water and in the active volume of a stereotactic diode f...

We investigated a mechanism of rectification in diblock oligomer diode molecules that have recently been synthesized and showed a pronounced asymmetry in the measured I-V spectrum. The observed rectification effect is due to the resonant nature of electron transfer in the system and the localization properties of bound state wave functions of resonant states of the tunneling electron interactin...