We demonstrate the coherent control and electrical readout of ionized phosphorus donor nuclear spins in (nat)Si. By combining time-programed optical excitation with coherent electron spin manipulation, we selectively ionize the donors depending on their nuclear spin state, exploiting a spin-dependent recombination process at the Si/SiO(2) interface, and find a nuclear spin coherence time of 18 ...

New organic dyes comprising carbazole, iminodibenzyl, or phenothiazine moieties, respectively, as the electron donors, and cyanoacetic acid or acrylic acid moieties as the electron acceptors/anchoring groups were synthesized and characterized. The influence of heteroatoms on carbazole, iminodibenzyl and phenothiazine donors, and cyano-substitution on the acid acceptor is evidenced by spectral, ...

Electron spin resonance of donors in GaAs has been observed through optical orientation and detection of spins. GaAs samples doped below the metal–insulator transition were studied. The resonance linewidth increases as the concentration of donors is reduced, due to the dependence of the T2 * spin lifetime on correlation effects between donor electrons. The linewidth of the lowest doped sample (...

The glycosylation of O-glycosyl trichloroacetimidate donors using a synergistic catalytic system of electron-deficient pyridinium salts/aryl thiourea derivatives at room temperature is demonstrated. The acidity of the adduct formed by the 1,2-addition of alcohol to the electron-deficient pyridinium salt is increased in the presence of an aryl thiourea derivative as an hydrogen-bonding cocatalys...

It is unknown to which extent phototrophic Fe(II) oxidation takes place in the simultaneous presence of organic electron donors (e.g., acetate/lactate). Therefore, the photoferrotrophic strain Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE-1 was inoculated with various combinations of Fe(II), acetate and lactate to understand metabolic substrate preference. When acetate was provided together with Fe(II), TIE-1...

The thioredoxin and glutaredoxin pathways are responsible of recycling several enzymes which undergo intramolecular disulfide bond formation as part of their catalytic cycles such as the peroxide scavengers peroxiredoxins or the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase (RNR). RNR, the rate-limiting enzyme of deoxyribonucleotide synthesis, is an essential enzyme relying on these electron flow cascades fo...

Based on simple ideas of electron-rich alkenes, exemplified by tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethene, TDAE, and on additional driving force associated with aromatization, families of very powerful neutral organic super-electron-donors (SEDs) have been developed. In the ground state, they carry out metal-free reductions of a range of functional groups. Iodoarenes are reduced either to aryl radicals or, ...

Covalent conjugation is typically used to fix a potential charge donor to a chosen site for studying either hole or excess electron transport in duplex DNA. A model system based on oligonucleotides containing an abasic site and (Br)dU was previously developed to provide a rapid method of screening new donors without the need of synthetic chemistry. While this strategy is effective for discoveri...

Various electron-rich aromatic and olefinic donors (D) are readily converted to their cation radicals (D!!) in the presence of strong protic acids, even in nonpolar solvents such as dichloromethane. By using the three prototypical organic donors octamethylbiphenylene (OMB), adamantylideneadamantane (AA) and the isomeric fused homoadamantene (FHA), we identify the protonated donor (D-H) as the e...

A pyrrhotite and sulfur-circulating packed bed reactor (PS-CPBR) was constructed to study the removal process mechanism of NO3−-N PO43−-P with different electron donors. The results showed that performance mixed donors (pyrrhotite sulfur) superior single donor (pyrrhotite). optimum conditions in PS-CPBR were a hydraulic retention time (HRT) 12 h C/N 0, average efficiency 100% 86.39%. sulfur abl...