Two Planar Pt electrodes with an inter-electrode distance of about 100 nm were fabricated at the surface of BiFeO3 thin films, which allow the manipulation of ferroelectric domain switching at nanoscale. This electrode configuration was pursued to study conductive domain-wall influence on the photovoltaic current in BiFeO3 thin films. Modulations of short-circuit photovoltaic current and hyster...

A potentiometric analyzer, developed to directly measure potassium and sodium concentrations, was evaluated on aqueous solutions, whole blood, serum, and plasma. The analyzer consists of three electrodes-sodium, potassium, and reference-mounted in a fIowcell configuration, and a modified digital pH meter, which displays the ion concentrations directly. Volume of the cell is about 100 l. The ele...

We present a novel electrode configuration consisting of coplanar side electrode pairs integrated at the half height of the microchannels for the creation of a homogeneous electric field distribution as well as for synchronous optical and electrical measurements. For the integration of such electrodes in fused silica microsystems, a dedicated microfabrication method was utilized, whereby an int...

Here we present the detection of ultralow concentrations of biomolecules in a device made from a polycarbonate membrane containing a network of gold nanowires and using a "contactless" impedance tomoscopy technique. The sensor comprises a thin dielectric layer with two parallel band electrodes on the one side and a microchannel containing gold nanowires onto which the adsorption of antibodies o...

We have studied the resistance of single-wall carbon nanotubes measured in a four-point configuration with noninvasive voltage electrodes. The voltage drop is detected using multiwalled carbon nanotubes while the current is injected through nanofabricated Au electrodes. The resistance at room temperature is shown to be linear with the length as expected for a classical resistor. This changes at...

The stability and low melting point make ionic liquids favorable electrolytes to be used in a wide range of electrochemical systems. The application field includes lithium ion batteries, electric doublelayer capacitors (EDLCs), and ionic electromechanically active polymer (iEAP) actuators. The iEAP is a laminate structure that consists of electronically conductive high surface area electrodes b...

Electroencephalography (EEG) signals are spatio-temporal in nature. EEG has very good temporal resolution but typically does not possess high spatial resolution. The surface Laplacian enhances the spatial resolution and selectivity of the surface electrical activity recording. Concentric ring electrodes have been shown to estimate the surface Laplacian directly with significantly better spatial...

Abstract The development of continuous flow electrochemical reactors is required to overcome the limitations conventional batch for treatment large flows effluents. Therefore, objective this study was develop and characterize a new pilot-scale reactor using BDD anode carbon felt cathode operating in mode. First, “Design Experiment” analysis performed order identify most critical parameters perc...