PURPOSE To realistically map the electric fields of biological tissues using a diffusion tensor magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (DT-MREIT) method to estimate tissue response during electrical stimulation. METHODS Imaging experiments were performed using chunks of bovine muscle. Two silver wire electrodes were positioned inside the muscle tissue for electrical stimulation. E...

obejective(s): in this research, magnetite nanoparticles with an average size of 23-36 nm were successfully synthesized via surfactant-free electrochemical method using iron as the anode and water as the electrolyte in a closed aqueous system in the presence of naoh at room temperature. methods: the effect of the current density on product formation and particle size was investigated. particle ...

abstract introduction: interferential current is one of the most popular kinds of electrical stimulation that are used in electrotherapy. despite its clinical popularity, there have been limited studies to investigate how this stimulation protocol affects the nerve fibers. this study was aimed to develop a realistic model for the stimulation of nerve fibers by interferential currents and using ...

Introduction: The response variability between subjects, which is one of the fundamental challenges facing transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), can be investigated by understanding how the current is distributed through the brain. This understanding can be obtained by means of computational methods utilizing finite element (FE) models. Materials and Methods: In this study, the effect...

Magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT) is an emerging method to visualize electrical conductivity and/or current density images at low frequencies (below 1 KHz). Injecting currents into an imaging object, one component of the induced magnetic flux density is acquired using an MRI scanner for isotropic conductivity image reconstructions. Diffusion tensor MRI (DT-MRI) measures...

To investigate the electrical changes observed at plasma etching endpoints, experiments were performed in an inductively coupled, rf-biased reactor, during CF4/Ar plasma etches of silicon dioxide films on silicon substrates. The rf bias current, voltage, and impedance were measured vs. time during etching. Simultaneously, a Langmuir probe measured the electron and ion densities, ion current den...

Electrical currents in resistive materials must be driven by an internal electric field E = J/ς , where J is the current density and ς is the electrical conductivity. The internal electric field must be shaped by an appropriate density σ of surface electrical charge. In practice, the surface charge density is quite small, and is often neglected in discussions of electrical currents. Some except...