Heme-iron oxidoreductases operating through the high-valent FeIVO intermediates perform crucial and complicated transformations, such as oxidations of unreactive saturated hydrocarbons. These enzymes share same Fe coordination, only differing by axial ligation, e.g., Cys in P450 oxygenases, Tyr catalases, His peroxidases. By examining ?200 heme-iron proteins, we show that protein hosts exert hi...

We show that quantum entanglement, nowadays so widely observed and used in a multitude of systems, can be traced in the atomic spins of metal clusters supported on metal surfaces. Most importantly, we show that it can be voluntarily altered with external electric fields. We use a combination of ab initio and model Heisenberg-Dirac-Van Vleck quantum spin Hamiltonian calculations to show, with th...

This paper presents the development of an experimental platform to test a real-time controller for a small Permanent Magnetic Brushless Direct Current (PM BLDC) motor using a Controller Area Network (CAN) communication bus. The CAN communication bus transmits and receives information between modules to control the speed, acceleration/deceleration, and rotational direction of the motor. The desi...

Additional energy source of hybrid electric buses comprises new control tasks. One of the main challenges of hybrid electric buses is the integrated control between traction motor and brakes, associated with which is the problem of switching traction motor and brakes. Existing control techniques only provide a result of frequent switch and jerky ride. In this paper, we propose a control strateg...

 Traditional 2-level high-frequency pulse width modulation (PWM) inverters for motor drives have several problems associated with their high frequency switching which produces common-mode voltage and high voltage change (dV/dt) rates to the motor windings. Multilevel inverters solve these problems because their devices can switch at a much lower frequency. Two different multilevel topologies a...

Nitrogen-doped graphene was recently synthesized and was reported to be a catalyst for hydrogen dissociative adsorption under a perpendicular applied electric field (F). In this work, the diffusion of H atoms on N-doped graphene, in the presence and absence of an applied perpendicular electric field, is studied using density functional theory. We demonstrate that the applied field can significa...